Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae)
Aspects of the biology and ecology of the black-winged termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, were examined in a grove of camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.), located at the Fruit and Tea Institute, Wuhan, China. Of the 90 trees examined, 91.1% had evidence of termite activity in the form of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/123102 |
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| author | Arthur G. Appel Xing Ping Hu Jinxiang Zhou Zhongqi Qin Hongyan Zhu Xiangqian Chang Zhijing Wang Xianqin Liu Mingyan Liu |
| author_facet | Arthur G. Appel Xing Ping Hu Jinxiang Zhou Zhongqi Qin Hongyan Zhu Xiangqian Chang Zhijing Wang Xianqin Liu Mingyan Liu |
| author_sort | Arthur G. Appel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aspects of the biology and ecology of the black-winged termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, were examined in a grove of camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.), located at the Fruit and Tea Institute, Wuhan, China. Of the 90 trees examined, 91.1% had evidence of termite activity in the form of exposed mud tubes on the bark. There was no relationship between tree diameter and mud tube length. Mud tubes faced all cardinal directions; most (60%) trees had multiple tubes at all directions. However, if a tree only had one tube, 22.2% of those tubes faced the south. The majority (>99%) of mud tubes were found on the trunk of the tree. Approximately 35% of all mud tubes had termite activity. Spatial distribution of termite activity was estimated using camphor and fir stakes installed throughout the grove. Camphor stakes were preferred. Kriging revealed a clumped distribution of termite activity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc221ebd95ba47c4932b6056340b04c1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0033-2615 1687-7438 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc221ebd95ba47c4932b6056340b04c12025-02-03T01:10:50ZengWileyPsyche: A Journal of Entomology0033-26151687-74382012-01-01201210.1155/2012/123102123102Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae)Arthur G. Appel0Xing Ping Hu1Jinxiang Zhou2Zhongqi Qin3Hongyan Zhu4Xiangqian Chang5Zhijing Wang6Xianqin Liu7Mingyan Liu8Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849-5413, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849-5413, USAFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaPlant Protection and Fertilizer Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, ChinaFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaFruit and Tea Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430209, ChinaAspects of the biology and ecology of the black-winged termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki, were examined in a grove of camphor trees, Cinnamomum camphora (L.), located at the Fruit and Tea Institute, Wuhan, China. Of the 90 trees examined, 91.1% had evidence of termite activity in the form of exposed mud tubes on the bark. There was no relationship between tree diameter and mud tube length. Mud tubes faced all cardinal directions; most (60%) trees had multiple tubes at all directions. However, if a tree only had one tube, 22.2% of those tubes faced the south. The majority (>99%) of mud tubes were found on the trunk of the tree. Approximately 35% of all mud tubes had termite activity. Spatial distribution of termite activity was estimated using camphor and fir stakes installed throughout the grove. Camphor stakes were preferred. Kriging revealed a clumped distribution of termite activity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/123102 |
| spellingShingle | Arthur G. Appel Xing Ping Hu Jinxiang Zhou Zhongqi Qin Hongyan Zhu Xiangqian Chang Zhijing Wang Xianqin Liu Mingyan Liu Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| title | Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) |
| title_full | Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) |
| title_fullStr | Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) |
| title_short | Observations of the Biology and Ecology of the Black-Winged Termite, Odontotermes formosanus Shiraki (Termitidae: Isoptera), in Camphor, Cinnamomum camphora (L.) (Lauraceae) |
| title_sort | observations of the biology and ecology of the black winged termite odontotermes formosanus shiraki termitidae isoptera in camphor cinnamomum camphora l lauraceae |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/123102 |
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