A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness
This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C, which is at lea...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1204 |
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| author | Haoze Chen Pak Kwong Chan |
| author_facet | Haoze Chen Pak Kwong Chan |
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| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C, which is at least 2× better than prior works, ensuring stable performance across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). The design employs a three-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a Q-reduction frequency compensation technique to produce programmable output currents while maintaining a power dissipation of less than 2.76 μW. With a bandwidth of 34.45 kHz and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −56.66 dB at 1 kHz and 0.1 V<sub>PP</sub> input signal, the circuit demonstrates high linearity and low power consumption under ultra-low voltage design scenarios. These features make the proposed V-I Converter highly suitable for energy-constrained applications such as biomedical sensors, energy harvesting systems, and IoT nodes, where low power consumption and temperature stability are critical parameters. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bc19cc2f5fcc4f6da05cd24d7388ff3c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-bc19cc2f5fcc4f6da05cd24d7388ff3c2025-08-20T02:03:30ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01254120410.3390/s25041204A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design AwarenessHaoze Chen0Pak Kwong Chan1School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeSchool of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, SingaporeThis paper presents a low-voltage, low-power voltage-to-current converter (V-I Converter) implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.45 V with an input range of 0.1 V to 0.3 V, the proposed circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 54.68 ppm/°C, which is at least 2× better than prior works, ensuring stable performance across a wide temperature range (−20 °C to 80 °C). The design employs a three-stage operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) with a Q-reduction frequency compensation technique to produce programmable output currents while maintaining a power dissipation of less than 2.76 μW. With a bandwidth of 34.45 kHz and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of −56.66 dB at 1 kHz and 0.1 V<sub>PP</sub> input signal, the circuit demonstrates high linearity and low power consumption under ultra-low voltage design scenarios. These features make the proposed V-I Converter highly suitable for energy-constrained applications such as biomedical sensors, energy harvesting systems, and IoT nodes, where low power consumption and temperature stability are critical parameters.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1204low voltagevoltage-to-current converterthree-stage operational transconductance amplifiertemperature coefficientsensor signal processing |
| spellingShingle | Haoze Chen Pak Kwong Chan A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness Sensors low voltage voltage-to-current converter three-stage operational transconductance amplifier temperature coefficient sensor signal processing |
| title | A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness |
| title_full | A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness |
| title_fullStr | A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness |
| title_short | A Low-Voltage Low-Power Voltage-to-Current Converter with Low Temperature Coefficient Design Awareness |
| title_sort | low voltage low power voltage to current converter with low temperature coefficient design awareness |
| topic | low voltage voltage-to-current converter three-stage operational transconductance amplifier temperature coefficient sensor signal processing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/4/1204 |
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