The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs
Abstract Polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different concentrations of cross-linker was instilled into the trachea of rats to examine the effect of PAA crosslink density on lung disorders. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to low and high doses of PAA with cross-linker concentrations of 0.1,...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87174-6 |
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| author | Taisuke Tomonaga Hiroto Izumi Chinatsu Nishida Kazuma Sato Yuiko Nakamura Toshiki Morimoto Yasuyuki Higashi Ke-Yong Wang Hidenori Higashi Takuma Kojima Kazuo Sakurai Jun-ichi Takeshita Akihiro Moriyama Kei Yamasaki Kazuhiro Yatera Yasuo Morimoto |
| author_facet | Taisuke Tomonaga Hiroto Izumi Chinatsu Nishida Kazuma Sato Yuiko Nakamura Toshiki Morimoto Yasuyuki Higashi Ke-Yong Wang Hidenori Higashi Takuma Kojima Kazuo Sakurai Jun-ichi Takeshita Akihiro Moriyama Kei Yamasaki Kazuhiro Yatera Yasuo Morimoto |
| author_sort | Taisuke Tomonaga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different concentrations of cross-linker was instilled into the trachea of rats to examine the effect of PAA crosslink density on lung disorders. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to low and high doses of PAA with cross-linker concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (CL0.1%, CL1.0%, and CL5.0%, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure. PAA with different cross-linker concentrations caused an increase in neutrophil influx, cytokine-induced neutrophils, and chemotactic factor (CINC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days to 1 week after instillation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in BALF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) release in lung tissue were higher in the CL0.1% exposure group during the acute phase. Lung histopathological findings also showed that severe fibrotic changes induced by CL0.1% were greater than those observed in CL1.0% and CL5.0% exposure during the observation period. CL0.1% was associated with more severe lung fibrosis, and a decrease in lung fibrosis was observed with increasing cross-linker concentrations, suggesting that the cross-link density of PAA is a physicochemical feature that affects lung disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbf7ea3cb891462eb56e24529d619e8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbf7ea3cb891462eb56e24529d619e8f2025-02-02T12:22:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-87174-6The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungsTaisuke Tomonaga0Hiroto Izumi1Chinatsu Nishida2Kazuma Sato3Yuiko Nakamura4Toshiki Morimoto5Yasuyuki Higashi6Ke-Yong Wang7Hidenori Higashi8Takuma Kojima9Kazuo Sakurai10Jun-ichi Takeshita11Akihiro Moriyama12Kei Yamasaki13Kazuhiro Yatera14Yasuo Morimoto15Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthShared-Use Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of KitakyushuDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of KitakyushuResearch Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthDepartment of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental HealthAbstract Polyacrylic acid (PAA) with different concentrations of cross-linker was instilled into the trachea of rats to examine the effect of PAA crosslink density on lung disorders. Methods: F344 rats were intratracheally exposed to low and high doses of PAA with cross-linker concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 5.0% (CL0.1%, CL1.0%, and CL5.0%, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after exposure. PAA with different cross-linker concentrations caused an increase in neutrophil influx, cytokine-induced neutrophils, and chemotactic factor (CINC) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 3 days to 1 week after instillation. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in BALF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) release in lung tissue were higher in the CL0.1% exposure group during the acute phase. Lung histopathological findings also showed that severe fibrotic changes induced by CL0.1% were greater than those observed in CL1.0% and CL5.0% exposure during the observation period. CL0.1% was associated with more severe lung fibrosis, and a decrease in lung fibrosis was observed with increasing cross-linker concentrations, suggesting that the cross-link density of PAA is a physicochemical feature that affects lung disorders.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87174-6Polyacrylic acidCross-linkIntratracheal instillationPulmonary toxicityFibrosisRat |
| spellingShingle | Taisuke Tomonaga Hiroto Izumi Chinatsu Nishida Kazuma Sato Yuiko Nakamura Toshiki Morimoto Yasuyuki Higashi Ke-Yong Wang Hidenori Higashi Takuma Kojima Kazuo Sakurai Jun-ichi Takeshita Akihiro Moriyama Kei Yamasaki Kazuhiro Yatera Yasuo Morimoto The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs Scientific Reports Polyacrylic acid Cross-link Intratracheal instillation Pulmonary toxicity Fibrosis Rat |
| title | The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| title_full | The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| title_fullStr | The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| title_short | The degree of cross-linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| title_sort | degree of cross linking of polyacrylic acid affects the fibrogenicity in rat lungs |
| topic | Polyacrylic acid Cross-link Intratracheal instillation Pulmonary toxicity Fibrosis Rat |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87174-6 |
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