The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity
ABSTRACT Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biologic...
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| Language: | English |
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Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972024001000704&lng=en&tlng=en |
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| _version_ | 1832592466160648192 |
|---|---|
| author | Rafael Loch Batista Luciana Mattos Barros Oliveira |
| author_facet | Rafael Loch Batista Luciana Mattos Barros Oliveira |
| author_sort | Rafael Loch Batista |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biological) or nurture (social) is still debatable. The biological basis of gender identity cannot be modeled in animals and is best studied in people who identify with a gender that is different from the sex of their genitals such as transgender people and people with disorders/differences of sex development. Numerous research studies have delved into unraveling the intricate interplay of hormonal, neuroanatomic/neurofunctional, and genetic factors in the complex development of core gender identity. In this review, we explore and consolidate existing research that provides insights into the biological foundations of gender identity, enhancing our understanding of this intriguing human psychological trait. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbf59dfa4af346d781cbf0462c8097b4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2359-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbf59dfa4af346d781cbf0462c8097b42025-01-21T07:45:19ZengBrazilian Society of Endocrinology and MetabolismArchives of Endocrinology and Metabolism2359-42922025-01-0168spe110.20945/2359-4292-2024-0232The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identityRafael Loch Batistahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-0301Luciana Mattos Barros Oliveirahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5346-8449ABSTRACT Gender identity refers to one's psychological sense of their own gender. Establishing gender identity is a complex phenomenon, and the diversity of gender expression challenges simplistic or unified explanations. For this reason, the extent to which it is determined by nature (biological) or nurture (social) is still debatable. The biological basis of gender identity cannot be modeled in animals and is best studied in people who identify with a gender that is different from the sex of their genitals such as transgender people and people with disorders/differences of sex development. Numerous research studies have delved into unraveling the intricate interplay of hormonal, neuroanatomic/neurofunctional, and genetic factors in the complex development of core gender identity. In this review, we explore and consolidate existing research that provides insights into the biological foundations of gender identity, enhancing our understanding of this intriguing human psychological trait.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972024001000704&lng=en&tlng=enGender identitytransgendersex steroidsgeneticssex development |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Loch Batista Luciana Mattos Barros Oliveira The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism Gender identity transgender sex steroids genetics sex development |
| title | The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| title_full | The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| title_fullStr | The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| title_short | The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| title_sort | genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity |
| topic | Gender identity transgender sex steroids genetics sex development |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2359-39972024001000704&lng=en&tlng=en |
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