Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques
The Prambanan Temple cluster is a world heritage site that has significant value for humanity, a multiple zone cluster arrangement of highly ornamented towering temples, and a Hindu architectural pattern design. It lies near the Opak Fault, at the foothills of Mount Merapi, on an unstable ground lay...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Heritage |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/1/32 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588369767432192 |
|---|---|
| author | Anindya Sricandra Prasidya Irwan Gumilar Irwan Meilano Ikaputra Ikaputra Rochmad Muryamto Erlyna Nour Arrofiqoh |
| author_facet | Anindya Sricandra Prasidya Irwan Gumilar Irwan Meilano Ikaputra Ikaputra Rochmad Muryamto Erlyna Nour Arrofiqoh |
| author_sort | Anindya Sricandra Prasidya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Prambanan Temple cluster is a world heritage site that has significant value for humanity, a multiple zone cluster arrangement of highly ornamented towering temples, and a Hindu architectural pattern design. It lies near the Opak Fault, at the foothills of Mount Merapi, on an unstable ground layer, and is surrounded by human activities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The site’s vulnerability implies the necessity of 3D digital documentation for its conservation, but its complexity poses difficulties. This work aimed to address this challenge by introducing the utilization of architectural pattern design (APD) to guide multi-sensor line-ups for documentation. First, APDs were established from the literature to derive the associated multiple detail levels; then, multiple sensors and modes of light detection and ranging (Lidar) scanners and photogrammetry were utilized according to their detail requirements and, finally, point cloud data were processed, integrated, assessed, and validated by the proof of the existence of an APD. The internal and external qualities of each sensor result showed the millimeter- to centimeter-range root mean squared error, with the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) having the best accuracy, followed by aerial close-range and terrestrial-mode photogrammetry and nadiral Lidar and photogrammetry. Two relative cloud distance analyses of every point cloud model to the reference model (TLS) returned the millimeter and centimeter ranges of the mean distance values. Furthermore, visually, every point cloud model from each sensor successfully complemented each other. Therefore, we can conclude that our approach is promising for complex heritage documentation. These results provide a solid foundation for future analyses, particularly in assessing structural vulnerabilities and informing conservation strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bbb17d9f49ed44d899c348af2d1d1507 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-9408 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage |
| spelling | doaj-art-bbb17d9f49ed44d899c348af2d1d15072025-01-24T13:34:24ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082025-01-01813210.3390/heritage8010032Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor TechniquesAnindya Sricandra Prasidya0Irwan Gumilar1Irwan Meilano2Ikaputra Ikaputra3Rochmad Muryamto4Erlyna Nour Arrofiqoh5Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaGeodetic Science, Engineering, and Innovation Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaSpatial System and Cadastre Research Group, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, IndonesiaDepartment of Architecture and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada Univeristy, Jalan Grafika 02, Yogyakarta 55284, IndonesiaDepartment of Earth Technology, Vocational College, Gadjah Mada Univeristy, Jalan C Simanjuntak 76A, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Earth Technology, Vocational College, Gadjah Mada Univeristy, Jalan C Simanjuntak 76A, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaThe Prambanan Temple cluster is a world heritage site that has significant value for humanity, a multiple zone cluster arrangement of highly ornamented towering temples, and a Hindu architectural pattern design. It lies near the Opak Fault, at the foothills of Mount Merapi, on an unstable ground layer, and is surrounded by human activities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The site’s vulnerability implies the necessity of 3D digital documentation for its conservation, but its complexity poses difficulties. This work aimed to address this challenge by introducing the utilization of architectural pattern design (APD) to guide multi-sensor line-ups for documentation. First, APDs were established from the literature to derive the associated multiple detail levels; then, multiple sensors and modes of light detection and ranging (Lidar) scanners and photogrammetry were utilized according to their detail requirements and, finally, point cloud data were processed, integrated, assessed, and validated by the proof of the existence of an APD. The internal and external qualities of each sensor result showed the millimeter- to centimeter-range root mean squared error, with the terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) having the best accuracy, followed by aerial close-range and terrestrial-mode photogrammetry and nadiral Lidar and photogrammetry. Two relative cloud distance analyses of every point cloud model to the reference model (TLS) returned the millimeter and centimeter ranges of the mean distance values. Furthermore, visually, every point cloud model from each sensor successfully complemented each other. Therefore, we can conclude that our approach is promising for complex heritage documentation. These results provide a solid foundation for future analyses, particularly in assessing structural vulnerabilities and informing conservation strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/1/32the Prambanan templesmulti-sensorarchitectural pattern designLidarphotogrammetry |
| spellingShingle | Anindya Sricandra Prasidya Irwan Gumilar Irwan Meilano Ikaputra Ikaputra Rochmad Muryamto Erlyna Nour Arrofiqoh Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques Heritage the Prambanan temples multi-sensor architectural pattern design Lidar photogrammetry |
| title | Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques |
| title_full | Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques |
| title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques |
| title_short | Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation for the Conservation of the Prambanan Temple Cluster Using Guided Multi-Sensor Techniques |
| title_sort | three dimensional digital documentation for the conservation of the prambanan temple cluster using guided multi sensor techniques |
| topic | the Prambanan temples multi-sensor architectural pattern design Lidar photogrammetry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/1/32 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anindyasricandraprasidya threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques AT irwangumilar threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques AT irwanmeilano threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques AT ikaputraikaputra threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques AT rochmadmuryamto threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques AT erlynanourarrofiqoh threedimensionaldigitaldocumentationfortheconservationoftheprambanantempleclusterusingguidedmultisensortechniques |