Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application
The more we know about mechanisms of the human orbital blowout type of trauma, the better we will be able to prevent them in the future. As long as the buckling mechanism’s veracity is not in doubt, the hydraulic mechanism is not based on equally strong premises. To investigate the correctness of th...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Applied Bionics and Biomechanics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879847 |
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| author | Marcin A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski Paweł Kłosowski Andrzej Skorek Krzysztof Żerdzicki Paweł Lemski Mateusz Koberda |
| author_facet | Marcin A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski Paweł Kłosowski Andrzej Skorek Krzysztof Żerdzicki Paweł Lemski Mateusz Koberda |
| author_sort | Marcin A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The more we know about mechanisms of the human orbital blowout type of trauma, the better we will be able to prevent them in the future. As long as the buckling mechanism’s veracity is not in doubt, the hydraulic mechanism is not based on equally strong premises. To investigate the correctness of the hydraulic mechanism’s theory, two different methods of implementation of the hydraulic load to the finite element method (FEM) model of the orbit were performed. The intraorbital hydraulic pressure was introduced as a face load applied directly to the orbit in the first variant, while in the second one the load was applied to the orbit indirectly as a set of nodal forces transferred from the external surface of the eyeball via the intraorbital tissues to the orbital walls within the contact problem. Such an approach is aimed at a better understanding of the pattern for the formation of blowout fractures during the indirect load applied to the orbital bones. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of both numerical models showed that the potential fracture was observed in the second variant only, embracing a relatively large area: both medial and lower wall of the orbit. Interestingly, the pressure generated by the intraorbital entities transferred the energy of the impact to the orbital sidewalls mainly; thus, the nature of the mechanism known as the hydraulic was far from the expected hydraulic pressure. According to the eyeball’s deformation as well as the areas of the greatest Huber-Mises-Hencky (H-M-H) stress within the orbit, a new term of strut mechanism was proposed instead of the hydraulic mechanism as more realistic regarding the investigated phenomenon. The results of the current research may strongly influence the development of modern implantology as well as affect forensic medicine. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-bb9e5232e4a54f57a56d0921437ae520 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1176-2322 1754-2103 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Bionics and Biomechanics |
| spelling | doaj-art-bb9e5232e4a54f57a56d0921437ae5202025-02-03T05:57:50ZengWileyApplied Bionics and Biomechanics1176-23221754-21032021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88798478879847Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load ApplicationMarcin A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski0Paweł Kłosowski1Andrzej Skorek2Krzysztof Żerdzicki3Paweł Lemski4Mateusz Koberda5Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, PolandDepartment of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-210, PolandDepartment of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-210, PolandDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-210, PolandThe more we know about mechanisms of the human orbital blowout type of trauma, the better we will be able to prevent them in the future. As long as the buckling mechanism’s veracity is not in doubt, the hydraulic mechanism is not based on equally strong premises. To investigate the correctness of the hydraulic mechanism’s theory, two different methods of implementation of the hydraulic load to the finite element method (FEM) model of the orbit were performed. The intraorbital hydraulic pressure was introduced as a face load applied directly to the orbit in the first variant, while in the second one the load was applied to the orbit indirectly as a set of nodal forces transferred from the external surface of the eyeball via the intraorbital tissues to the orbital walls within the contact problem. Such an approach is aimed at a better understanding of the pattern for the formation of blowout fractures during the indirect load applied to the orbital bones. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of both numerical models showed that the potential fracture was observed in the second variant only, embracing a relatively large area: both medial and lower wall of the orbit. Interestingly, the pressure generated by the intraorbital entities transferred the energy of the impact to the orbital sidewalls mainly; thus, the nature of the mechanism known as the hydraulic was far from the expected hydraulic pressure. According to the eyeball’s deformation as well as the areas of the greatest Huber-Mises-Hencky (H-M-H) stress within the orbit, a new term of strut mechanism was proposed instead of the hydraulic mechanism as more realistic regarding the investigated phenomenon. The results of the current research may strongly influence the development of modern implantology as well as affect forensic medicine.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879847 |
| spellingShingle | Marcin A. Zmuda Trzebiatowski Paweł Kłosowski Andrzej Skorek Krzysztof Żerdzicki Paweł Lemski Mateusz Koberda Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application Applied Bionics and Biomechanics |
| title | Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application |
| title_full | Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application |
| title_fullStr | Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application |
| title_short | Validation of Hydraulic Mechanism during Blowout Trauma of Human Orbit Depending on the Method of Load Application |
| title_sort | validation of hydraulic mechanism during blowout trauma of human orbit depending on the method of load application |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8879847 |
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