Hybrid Population Based Training–ResNet Framework for Traffic-Related PM2.5 Concentration Classification

Traffic emissions serve as one of the most significant sources of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution in developing countries, driven by the prevalence of aging vehicle fleets and the inadequacy of regulatory frameworks to mitigate emissions effectively. This study presents a Hybrid Population-Based Trainin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Afaq Khattak, Badr T. Alsulami, Caroline Mongina Matara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Atmosphere
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/3/303
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