Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds

Objective. Repairing bone defects, especially in older individuals with limited regenerative capacity, is still a big challenge. The use of biomimetic materials that can enhance the restoration of bone structure represents a promising clinical approach. In this study, we evaluated ectopic bone forma...

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Main Authors: Rita Bou Assaf, Kazem Zibara, Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan, Fatima Al-Nemer, Manal Cordahi, Saad Khairallah, Bassam Badran, Antoine Berbéri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-01-01
Series:Stem Cells International
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4185942
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author Rita Bou Assaf
Kazem Zibara
Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
Fatima Al-Nemer
Manal Cordahi
Saad Khairallah
Bassam Badran
Antoine Berbéri
author_facet Rita Bou Assaf
Kazem Zibara
Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
Fatima Al-Nemer
Manal Cordahi
Saad Khairallah
Bassam Badran
Antoine Berbéri
author_sort Rita Bou Assaf
collection DOAJ
description Objective. Repairing bone defects, especially in older individuals with limited regenerative capacity, is still a big challenge. The use of biomimetic materials that can enhance the restoration of bone structure represents a promising clinical approach. In this study, we evaluated ectopic bone formation after the transplantation of human maxillary Schneiderian sinus membrane- (hMSSM-) derived cells embedded within various scaffolds in the femur of pigs. Methods. The scaffolds used were collagen, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP) where fibrin/thrombin was used as a control. Histological analysis was performed for the new bone formation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of specific osteoblastic markers, respectively. Results. Histological analysis showed that the three scaffolds we used can support new bone formation with a more pronounced effect observed in the case of the gelatin scaffold. In addition, mRNA levels of the different tested osteoblastic markers Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen (COL1) were higher, after 2 and 4 weeks, in cell-embedded scaffolds than in control cells seeded within the fibrin/thrombin scaffold. Moreover, there was a very clear and differential expression of RUNX-2, OCN, and vimentin in osteocytes, osteoblasts, hMSSM-derived cells, and bone matrix. Interestingly, the osteogenic markers were more abundant, at both time points, in cell-embedded gelatin scaffold than in other scaffolds (collagen, HA/βTCP, fibrin/thrombin). Conclusions. These results hold promise for the development of successful bone regeneration techniques using different scaffolds embedded with hMSSM-derived cells. This trial is registered with NCT02676921.
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spelling doaj-art-babdb92451c744dea55cb0915f4178412025-08-20T03:23:22ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782019-01-01201910.1155/2019/41859424185942Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different ScaffoldsRita Bou Assaf0Kazem Zibara1Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan2Fatima Al-Nemer3Manal Cordahi4Saad Khairallah5Bassam Badran6Antoine Berbéri7Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonLaboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonLaboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonLaboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonLaboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonObjective. Repairing bone defects, especially in older individuals with limited regenerative capacity, is still a big challenge. The use of biomimetic materials that can enhance the restoration of bone structure represents a promising clinical approach. In this study, we evaluated ectopic bone formation after the transplantation of human maxillary Schneiderian sinus membrane- (hMSSM-) derived cells embedded within various scaffolds in the femur of pigs. Methods. The scaffolds used were collagen, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP) where fibrin/thrombin was used as a control. Histological analysis was performed for the new bone formation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of specific osteoblastic markers, respectively. Results. Histological analysis showed that the three scaffolds we used can support new bone formation with a more pronounced effect observed in the case of the gelatin scaffold. In addition, mRNA levels of the different tested osteoblastic markers Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen (COL1) were higher, after 2 and 4 weeks, in cell-embedded scaffolds than in control cells seeded within the fibrin/thrombin scaffold. Moreover, there was a very clear and differential expression of RUNX-2, OCN, and vimentin in osteocytes, osteoblasts, hMSSM-derived cells, and bone matrix. Interestingly, the osteogenic markers were more abundant, at both time points, in cell-embedded gelatin scaffold than in other scaffolds (collagen, HA/βTCP, fibrin/thrombin). Conclusions. These results hold promise for the development of successful bone regeneration techniques using different scaffolds embedded with hMSSM-derived cells. This trial is registered with NCT02676921.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4185942
spellingShingle Rita Bou Assaf
Kazem Zibara
Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
Fatima Al-Nemer
Manal Cordahi
Saad Khairallah
Bassam Badran
Antoine Berbéri
Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
Stem Cells International
title Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
title_full Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
title_fullStr Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
title_full_unstemmed Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
title_short Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds
title_sort healing of bone defects in pig s femur using mesenchymal cells originated from the sinus membrane with different scaffolds
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4185942
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