Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone

Numerous ecological restoration projects (ERPs) in China aim to reverse ecosystem degradation and enhance human well-being through vegetation increase. However, the nonlinear impacts (e.g., threshold effects) of vegetation recovery on ecosystem services (ESs) remain inadequately explored. This study...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaoman Liu, Wenwu Zhao, Bingbing Gao, Li Yu, Jingfang Yuan, Tao Liang, Chao Wang, Qian Zhou, Yizhong Huan, Guangjin Zhou, Jixi Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004005
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850171653897584640
author Xiaoman Liu
Wenwu Zhao
Bingbing Gao
Li Yu
Jingfang Yuan
Tao Liang
Chao Wang
Qian Zhou
Yizhong Huan
Guangjin Zhou
Jixi Gao
author_facet Xiaoman Liu
Wenwu Zhao
Bingbing Gao
Li Yu
Jingfang Yuan
Tao Liang
Chao Wang
Qian Zhou
Yizhong Huan
Guangjin Zhou
Jixi Gao
author_sort Xiaoman Liu
collection DOAJ
description Numerous ecological restoration projects (ERPs) in China aim to reverse ecosystem degradation and enhance human well-being through vegetation increase. However, the nonlinear impacts (e.g., threshold effects) of vegetation recovery on ecosystem services (ESs) remain inadequately explored. This study quantitatively assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and three ESs in the Loess Plateau Gully Zone from 2000 to 2020, examining their spatial correlations across multiple scales. Using the constraint line method, we simulated ES response curves to FVC changes and identified the threshold of FVC influence. The results showed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, FVC increased significantly, with noticeable variations in ESs changes: carbon sequestration rose markedly, soil conservation showed moderate improvement, and water yield declined. (2) over 95% the area exhibited a significant positive correlation between FVC and both carbon sequestration and soil conservation, whereas 43.95% of the area displayed a strong negative correlation between FVC and water yield; (3) FVC demonstrated a threshold effect on ESs, with vegetation coverage thresholds for carbon sequestration, water yield, and soil conservation identified at 77.64%, 66.67%, and 71.45%, respectively. Additionally, we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlying FVC’s constraint effects on ESs and its practical applications. These findings offer novel insights for policy formulation on regional ecological restoration.
format Article
id doaj-art-ba79a2a31e1f452dba8993d34f7b02fd
institution OA Journals
issn 1470-160X
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Ecological Indicators
spelling doaj-art-ba79a2a31e1f452dba8993d34f7b02fd2025-08-20T02:20:15ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2025-05-0117411347010.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113470Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully ZoneXiaoman Liu0Wenwu Zhao1Bingbing Gao2Li Yu3Jingfang Yuan4Tao Liang5Chao Wang6Qian Zhou7Yizhong Huan8Guangjin Zhou9Jixi Gao10Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, ChinaChinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSatellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, ChinaSatellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, ChinaCollege of Humanities and Development Studies, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of International Development and Global Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaSatellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Corresponding authors.Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China; Corresponding authors.Numerous ecological restoration projects (ERPs) in China aim to reverse ecosystem degradation and enhance human well-being through vegetation increase. However, the nonlinear impacts (e.g., threshold effects) of vegetation recovery on ecosystem services (ESs) remain inadequately explored. This study quantitatively assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and three ESs in the Loess Plateau Gully Zone from 2000 to 2020, examining their spatial correlations across multiple scales. Using the constraint line method, we simulated ES response curves to FVC changes and identified the threshold of FVC influence. The results showed that: (1) from 2000 to 2020, FVC increased significantly, with noticeable variations in ESs changes: carbon sequestration rose markedly, soil conservation showed moderate improvement, and water yield declined. (2) over 95% the area exhibited a significant positive correlation between FVC and both carbon sequestration and soil conservation, whereas 43.95% of the area displayed a strong negative correlation between FVC and water yield; (3) FVC demonstrated a threshold effect on ESs, with vegetation coverage thresholds for carbon sequestration, water yield, and soil conservation identified at 77.64%, 66.67%, and 71.45%, respectively. Additionally, we reveal the intrinsic mechanisms underlying FVC’s constraint effects on ESs and its practical applications. These findings offer novel insights for policy formulation on regional ecological restoration.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004005Ecological restorationFractional vegetation coverEcosystem servicesThresholdConstraint effectLoess Plateau
spellingShingle Xiaoman Liu
Wenwu Zhao
Bingbing Gao
Li Yu
Jingfang Yuan
Tao Liang
Chao Wang
Qian Zhou
Yizhong Huan
Guangjin Zhou
Jixi Gao
Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
Ecological Indicators
Ecological restoration
Fractional vegetation cover
Ecosystem services
Threshold
Constraint effect
Loess Plateau
title Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
title_full Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
title_fullStr Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
title_full_unstemmed Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
title_short Threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the Loess Plateau gully Zone
title_sort threshold effects of vegetation increase on ecosystem services based on the constraint line method in the loess plateau gully zone
topic Ecological restoration
Fractional vegetation cover
Ecosystem services
Threshold
Constraint effect
Loess Plateau
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25004005
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaomanliu thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT wenwuzhao thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT bingbinggao thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT liyu thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT jingfangyuan thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT taoliang thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT chaowang thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT qianzhou thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT yizhonghuan thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT guangjinzhou thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone
AT jixigao thresholdeffectsofvegetationincreaseonecosystemservicesbasedontheconstraintlinemethodintheloessplateaugullyzone