IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade

The success of cancer immunotherapy depends on the effective coordination of innate and adaptive immunity. We previously reported that IL-18 potentiates the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models. Here, we report that IL-18-primed natural killer (NK) cells enhanced the a...

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Main Authors: Yoshiya Ohno, Haruki Okamura, Hideo Yagita, Toshiyuki Tanaka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1533808/full
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author Yoshiya Ohno
Haruki Okamura
Hideo Yagita
Toshiyuki Tanaka
author_facet Yoshiya Ohno
Haruki Okamura
Hideo Yagita
Toshiyuki Tanaka
author_sort Yoshiya Ohno
collection DOAJ
description The success of cancer immunotherapy depends on the effective coordination of innate and adaptive immunity. We previously reported that IL-18 potentiates the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models. Here, we report that IL-18-primed natural killer (NK) cells enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies by mobilizing type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) to tumor sites and promoting type 1 immune responses. IL-18-primed NK cells had a premature phenotype, and expressed chemokines involved in cDC1 mobilization. In a combination treatment with IL-18 and anti-PD-1 antibody, NK cell depletion inhibited cDC1 mobilization and abrogated the therapeutic effects. Additionally, adoptive transfer of IL-18-primed NK cells induced cDC1 mobilization and enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies. IL-18 also increased IL-12 mRNA expression in DCs and IL-12 blood levels, and IL-12 upregulated XCL1 expression in NK cells. These results suggest that IL-18 primes NK cells and enhances the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting a feed-forward loop involving DCs.
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issn 2234-943X
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spelling doaj-art-b9d92fcf75b64e2f9f57d7e4c7797b0b2025-08-20T03:01:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-03-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15338081533808IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockadeYoshiya Ohno0Haruki Okamura1Hideo Yagita2Toshiyuki Tanaka3Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanDepartment of Psychoimmunology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, JapanDepartment of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Immunobiology, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo Medical University, Kobe, Hyogo, JapanThe success of cancer immunotherapy depends on the effective coordination of innate and adaptive immunity. We previously reported that IL-18 potentiates the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in mouse models. Here, we report that IL-18-primed natural killer (NK) cells enhanced the antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies by mobilizing type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) to tumor sites and promoting type 1 immune responses. IL-18-primed NK cells had a premature phenotype, and expressed chemokines involved in cDC1 mobilization. In a combination treatment with IL-18 and anti-PD-1 antibody, NK cell depletion inhibited cDC1 mobilization and abrogated the therapeutic effects. Additionally, adoptive transfer of IL-18-primed NK cells induced cDC1 mobilization and enhanced the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1 antibodies. IL-18 also increased IL-12 mRNA expression in DCs and IL-12 blood levels, and IL-12 upregulated XCL1 expression in NK cells. These results suggest that IL-18 primes NK cells and enhances the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting a feed-forward loop involving DCs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1533808/fullIL-18immune checkpoint inhibitorPD-1NK cellscDC1
spellingShingle Yoshiya Ohno
Haruki Okamura
Hideo Yagita
Toshiyuki Tanaka
IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
Frontiers in Oncology
IL-18
immune checkpoint inhibitor
PD-1
NK cells
cDC1
title IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
title_full IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
title_fullStr IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
title_full_unstemmed IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
title_short IL-18-primed NK cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by PD-1 blockade
title_sort il 18 primed nk cells recruit dendritic cells and potentiate tumor therapy mediated by pd 1 blockade
topic IL-18
immune checkpoint inhibitor
PD-1
NK cells
cDC1
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1533808/full
work_keys_str_mv AT yoshiyaohno il18primednkcellsrecruitdendriticcellsandpotentiatetumortherapymediatedbypd1blockade
AT harukiokamura il18primednkcellsrecruitdendriticcellsandpotentiatetumortherapymediatedbypd1blockade
AT hideoyagita il18primednkcellsrecruitdendriticcellsandpotentiatetumortherapymediatedbypd1blockade
AT toshiyukitanaka il18primednkcellsrecruitdendriticcellsandpotentiatetumortherapymediatedbypd1blockade