Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning
This paper presents a methodology combining Network Science (NS) and Explainable Machine Learning (XML) that could hypothetically uncover shared principles across seemingly disparate scientific domains. As an example, it presents how the approach could be applied to four fields: materials science, n...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Complex Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcpxs.2025.1604132/full |
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| author | Daniele Caligiore Daniele Caligiore Anna Monreale Anna Monreale Giulio Rossetti Angela Bongiorno Giuseppe Fisicaro |
| author_facet | Daniele Caligiore Daniele Caligiore Anna Monreale Anna Monreale Giulio Rossetti Angela Bongiorno Giuseppe Fisicaro |
| author_sort | Daniele Caligiore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a methodology combining Network Science (NS) and Explainable Machine Learning (XML) that could hypothetically uncover shared principles across seemingly disparate scientific domains. As an example, it presents how the approach could be applied to four fields: materials science, neuroscience, social science, and cosmology. The study focuses on criticality, a phenomenon associated with the transition of complex systems between states, characterized by sudden and significant behavioral shifts. By proposing a five-step methodology—ranging from relational data collection to cross-domain analysis with XML—the paper offers a hypothetical framework for potentially identifying criticality-related features in these fields and transferring insights across disciplines. The results of domains cross-fertilization could support practical applications, such as improving neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces by leveraging criticality in materials science and neuroscience or developing advanced materials for space exploration. The parallels between neural and social networks could deepen our understanding of human behavior, while studying cosmic and social systems may reveal shared dynamics in large-scale, interconnected structures. A key benefit could be the possibility of using transfer learning, that is XML models trained in one domain might be adapted for use in another with limited data. For instance, if common aspects of criticality in neuroscience and cosmology are identified, an algorithm trained on brain data could be repurposed to detect critical states in cosmic systems, even with limited cosmic data. This interdisciplinary approach advances theoretical frameworks and fosters practical innovations, laying the groundwork for future research that could transform our understanding of complex systems across diverse scientific fields. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b98c7880fa01451ab4ce00aac5c4c8f1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2813-6187 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Complex Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-b98c7880fa01451ab4ce00aac5c4c8f12025-08-20T03:32:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Complex Systems2813-61872025-06-01310.3389/fcpxs.2025.16041321604132Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learningDaniele Caligiore0Daniele Caligiore1Anna Monreale2Anna Monreale3Giulio Rossetti4Angela Bongiorno5Giuseppe Fisicaro6Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CTNLab-ISTC-CNR), Rome, ItalyAI2Life s.r.l., Innovative Start-Up, ISTC-CNR Spin-Off, Rome, ItalyInstitute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”, CNR Research Area in Pisa, Pisa, ItalyComputer Science Department, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyInstitute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo”, CNR Research Area in Pisa, Pisa, ItalyItalian National Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, ItalyInstitute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, National Research Council (IMM-CNR), Catania, ItalyThis paper presents a methodology combining Network Science (NS) and Explainable Machine Learning (XML) that could hypothetically uncover shared principles across seemingly disparate scientific domains. As an example, it presents how the approach could be applied to four fields: materials science, neuroscience, social science, and cosmology. The study focuses on criticality, a phenomenon associated with the transition of complex systems between states, characterized by sudden and significant behavioral shifts. By proposing a five-step methodology—ranging from relational data collection to cross-domain analysis with XML—the paper offers a hypothetical framework for potentially identifying criticality-related features in these fields and transferring insights across disciplines. The results of domains cross-fertilization could support practical applications, such as improving neuroprosthetics and brain-machine interfaces by leveraging criticality in materials science and neuroscience or developing advanced materials for space exploration. The parallels between neural and social networks could deepen our understanding of human behavior, while studying cosmic and social systems may reveal shared dynamics in large-scale, interconnected structures. A key benefit could be the possibility of using transfer learning, that is XML models trained in one domain might be adapted for use in another with limited data. For instance, if common aspects of criticality in neuroscience and cosmology are identified, an algorithm trained on brain data could be repurposed to detect critical states in cosmic systems, even with limited cosmic data. This interdisciplinary approach advances theoretical frameworks and fosters practical innovations, laying the groundwork for future research that could transform our understanding of complex systems across diverse scientific fields.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcpxs.2025.1604132/fullartificial intelligencecomplex systemscriticalitycross-domain knowledge transferinterdisciplinary approaches to complex systemsphase transitions |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Caligiore Daniele Caligiore Anna Monreale Anna Monreale Giulio Rossetti Angela Bongiorno Giuseppe Fisicaro Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning Frontiers in Complex Systems artificial intelligence complex systems criticality cross-domain knowledge transfer interdisciplinary approaches to complex systems phase transitions |
| title | Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| title_full | Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| title_fullStr | Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| title_short | Exploring interconnections among atoms, brain, society, and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| title_sort | exploring interconnections among atoms brain society and cosmos with network science and explainable machine learning |
| topic | artificial intelligence complex systems criticality cross-domain knowledge transfer interdisciplinary approaches to complex systems phase transitions |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcpxs.2025.1604132/full |
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