Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models
The investigations focused on the significance of the structural design of models of a wearable device equipped with a wireless radiofrequency communication module (W-RFCD) operating at 2.45 GHz. Computer modeling was used to determine antenna performance (radiated power and related battery operatin...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10838525/ |
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| author | Patryk Zradzinski Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz |
| author_facet | Patryk Zradzinski Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz |
| author_sort | Patryk Zradzinski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The investigations focused on the significance of the structural design of models of a wearable device equipped with a wireless radiofrequency communication module (W-RFCD) operating at 2.45 GHz. Computer modeling was used to determine antenna performance (radiated power and related battery operating time), as well as the associated electromagnetic impact (SAR) in the user’s head. The findings showed a potential reduction in battery life of 20-40% for body-worn devices when used near the head, compared to their performance in free space, while maintaining the same quality of wireless connection. In the exposure scenarios examined, results revealed that the 10g-SAR in the user’s head could increase significantly: 1) by up to 65% when the RF module’s battery was centered, versus when it was offset; and 2) by up to 240% with a 0 mm distance between the RF module and the battery, compared to a 2 mm distance. The use of a simplified model of W-RFCD may lead to incorrect conclusions about its performance and a substantial underestimation of the SAR values (10g-SAR values are up to double in the most complex exposure scenarios examined, compared to the most simplified). The antenna performance and SAR of W-RFCD developed using ready-made components can be optimized without altering antenna matching circuits or inserting additional physical structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b90de37aaf794f75be1ae6498088ff69 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-b90de37aaf794f75be1ae6498088ff692025-01-31T00:00:59ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113192571926510.1109/ACCESS.2025.352865610838525Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured ModelsPatryk Zradzinski0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8094-0761Jolanta Karpowicz1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-2728Krzysztof Gryz2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-2187Laboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warszawa, PolandLaboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warszawa, PolandLaboratory of Electromagnetic Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Warszawa, PolandThe investigations focused on the significance of the structural design of models of a wearable device equipped with a wireless radiofrequency communication module (W-RFCD) operating at 2.45 GHz. Computer modeling was used to determine antenna performance (radiated power and related battery operating time), as well as the associated electromagnetic impact (SAR) in the user’s head. The findings showed a potential reduction in battery life of 20-40% for body-worn devices when used near the head, compared to their performance in free space, while maintaining the same quality of wireless connection. In the exposure scenarios examined, results revealed that the 10g-SAR in the user’s head could increase significantly: 1) by up to 65% when the RF module’s battery was centered, versus when it was offset; and 2) by up to 240% with a 0 mm distance between the RF module and the battery, compared to a 2 mm distance. The use of a simplified model of W-RFCD may lead to incorrect conclusions about its performance and a substantial underestimation of the SAR values (10g-SAR values are up to double in the most complex exposure scenarios examined, compared to the most simplified). The antenna performance and SAR of W-RFCD developed using ready-made components can be optimized without altering antenna matching circuits or inserting additional physical structures.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10838525/Biomedical engineeringenvironmental engineeringequivalent isotropic radiated power (eirp)numerical simulationsoccupational exposurespecific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| spellingShingle | Patryk Zradzinski Jolanta Karpowicz Krzysztof Gryz Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models IEEE Access Biomedical engineering environmental engineering equivalent isotropic radiated power (eirp) numerical simulations occupational exposure specific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| title | Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models |
| title_full | Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models |
| title_short | Assessing the Antenna Performance (Radiated Power) and Electromagnetic Impact (SAR) on a User of a Wearable RF Communication Device, Involving Variously Structured Models |
| title_sort | assessing the antenna performance radiated power and electromagnetic impact sar on a user of a wearable rf communication device involving variously structured models |
| topic | Biomedical engineering environmental engineering equivalent isotropic radiated power (eirp) numerical simulations occupational exposure specific energy absorption rate (SAR) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10838525/ |
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