Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors
Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imagin...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Daniel Nunes do Espirito Santo Monika Warmuth-Metz Camelia-Maria Monoranu Martin Hasselblatt Christian Thomas Torsten Pietsch Jürgen Krauß Tilmann Schweitzer Brigitte Bison Matthias Eyrich Uwe Kordes Denise Obrecht-Sturm Mirko Pham Annika Quenzer |
| author_facet | Daniel Nunes do Espirito Santo Monika Warmuth-Metz Camelia-Maria Monoranu Martin Hasselblatt Christian Thomas Torsten Pietsch Jürgen Krauß Tilmann Schweitzer Brigitte Bison Matthias Eyrich Uwe Kordes Denise Obrecht-Sturm Mirko Pham Annika Quenzer |
| author_sort | Daniel Nunes do Espirito Santo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking. Methods: We analyzed the imaging characteristics of LMD in a single-center pediatric cohort of 22 CPT patients (thirteen choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), six atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), three CPC), comparing LMD features with those of the primary tumor. Additionally, we examined the correlation between resection status and LMD development during follow-up. Results: At diagnosis, we observed true LMD in three (two CPCs, one CPP) and pseudo-LMD in one case (CPP). During follow-up, two CPP patients developed cystic LMD, and one aCPP patient developed a solid metastasis. LMD had characteristics of the primary tumor in 3/4 cases. Incomplete resection was associated with a higher risk of LMD (<i>p</i> = 0.025). Conclusions: LMD can occur in both high- and lower-grade CPT, presenting at diagnosis as well as in relapsed lower-grade cases. Notable MR-imaging features include pseudo-LMD at diagnosis and cystic LMD in relapsed CPP cases. Incomplete tumor resection may increase the risk of LMD, although further validation is needed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8d8ffe99eb64238b8fe42198d214715 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Children |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8d8ffe99eb64238b8fe42198d2147152025-01-24T13:27:13ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672025-01-011218210.3390/children12010082Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk FactorsDaniel Nunes do Espirito Santo0Monika Warmuth-Metz1Camelia-Maria Monoranu2Martin Hasselblatt3Christian Thomas4Torsten Pietsch5Jürgen Krauß6Tilmann Schweitzer7Brigitte Bison8Matthias Eyrich9Uwe Kordes10Denise Obrecht-Sturm11Mirko Pham12Annika Quenzer13Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, Department of Neuropathology, University of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, GermanyInstitute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, GermanySection of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanySection of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyDiagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, D-86156 Augsburg, GermanyDepartment of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyPediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, GermanyPediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, GermanyBackground: Intracranial choroid plexus tumors (CPT) are rare and primarily affect young children. Leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) has been reported not only in high-grade choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) but also in lower histological grades; however, a systematic evaluation of CPT-specific imaging characteristics remains lacking. Methods: We analyzed the imaging characteristics of LMD in a single-center pediatric cohort of 22 CPT patients (thirteen choroid plexus papilloma (CPP), six atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP), three CPC), comparing LMD features with those of the primary tumor. Additionally, we examined the correlation between resection status and LMD development during follow-up. Results: At diagnosis, we observed true LMD in three (two CPCs, one CPP) and pseudo-LMD in one case (CPP). During follow-up, two CPP patients developed cystic LMD, and one aCPP patient developed a solid metastasis. LMD had characteristics of the primary tumor in 3/4 cases. Incomplete resection was associated with a higher risk of LMD (<i>p</i> = 0.025). Conclusions: LMD can occur in both high- and lower-grade CPT, presenting at diagnosis as well as in relapsed lower-grade cases. Notable MR-imaging features include pseudo-LMD at diagnosis and cystic LMD in relapsed CPP cases. Incomplete tumor resection may increase the risk of LMD, although further validation is needed.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/82choroid plexus tumormetastasisMRImorphologycystsimaging |
| spellingShingle | Daniel Nunes do Espirito Santo Monika Warmuth-Metz Camelia-Maria Monoranu Martin Hasselblatt Christian Thomas Torsten Pietsch Jürgen Krauß Tilmann Schweitzer Brigitte Bison Matthias Eyrich Uwe Kordes Denise Obrecht-Sturm Mirko Pham Annika Quenzer Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors Children choroid plexus tumor metastasis MRI morphology cysts imaging |
| title | Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors |
| title_full | Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors |
| title_fullStr | Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors |
| title_short | Leptomeningeal Dissemination in Choroid Plexus Tumors: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Risk Factors |
| title_sort | leptomeningeal dissemination in choroid plexus tumors magnetic resonance imaging appearance and risk factors |
| topic | choroid plexus tumor metastasis MRI morphology cysts imaging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/12/1/82 |
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