Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for rice growth, and the presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an effective means to increase soil P content. However, the direct application of PSB may have minimal significance due to their low survival in soil. Biochar serves as a carrier tha...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/214 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587668049887232 |
|---|---|
| author | Keru Yu Zhenyu Wang Wenyan Yang Shuai Li Dongtao Wu Hongtao Zheng Zhengqian Ye Shaona Yang Dan Liu |
| author_facet | Keru Yu Zhenyu Wang Wenyan Yang Shuai Li Dongtao Wu Hongtao Zheng Zhengqian Ye Shaona Yang Dan Liu |
| author_sort | Keru Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for rice growth, and the presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an effective means to increase soil P content. However, the direct application of PSB may have minimal significance due to their low survival in soil. Biochar serves as a carrier that enhances microbial survival, and its porous structure and surface characteristics ensure the adsorption of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>. Inoculating rice husk biochar-immobilized with <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (BMB) resulted in dissolved inorganic and organic P levels of 39.55 and 31.97 mL L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Subsequently, rice pot experiments were conducted to investigate the response of soil microbial P mobilization and P uptake in rice to fertilizer inputs. The organic fertilizer (OF) combined with BMB treatment (MOF) showed the highest soil available phosphorus (AP) at 38 days, with a value of 7.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, as well as increased the <i>pqqC</i> abundance while decreasing the abundance of <i>phoD</i> bacterial communities compared with the control. Furthermore, the bioavailable P reservoir (H<sub>2</sub>O–Pi and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>–Pi) in soil was greatly increased through the fertilizer input and microbial turnover, with the highest H<sub>2</sub>O–Pi (3.66 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in OF treatment and the highest NaHCO<sub>3</sub>–Pi (52.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in MOF treatment. Additionally, carbon utilization analysis was applied using the commercial Biolog system, revealing that the MOF treatment significantly increased the utilization of carbohydrates, polymers, and amino acid carbon sources. Moreover, compared to the control, MOF treatment significantly increased the shoot (0.469%) and root P (0.516%) content while promoting root development and thereby supporting rice growth. Our study demonstrates that the MOF treatment displayed higher P levels in both soil and rice plants, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the role of biochar-based bacterial agents in rice P management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b8a88aa6f32249949e34ff04476597a5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-b8a88aa6f32249949e34ff04476597a52025-01-24T13:46:46ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114221410.3390/plants14020214Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in RiceKeru Yu0Zhenyu Wang1Wenyan Yang2Shuai Li3Dongtao Wu4Hongtao Zheng5Zhengqian Ye6Shaona Yang7Dan Liu8State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaCollege of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaSoil Fertilizer and Plant Protection and Energy Sources Station of Lishui City, Hangzhou 323000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaZhoushan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, ChinaPhosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for rice growth, and the presence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is an effective means to increase soil P content. However, the direct application of PSB may have minimal significance due to their low survival in soil. Biochar serves as a carrier that enhances microbial survival, and its porous structure and surface characteristics ensure the adsorption of <i>Bacillus megaterium</i>. Inoculating rice husk biochar-immobilized with <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (BMB) resulted in dissolved inorganic and organic P levels of 39.55 and 31.97 mL L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Subsequently, rice pot experiments were conducted to investigate the response of soil microbial P mobilization and P uptake in rice to fertilizer inputs. The organic fertilizer (OF) combined with BMB treatment (MOF) showed the highest soil available phosphorus (AP) at 38 days, with a value of 7.83 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, as well as increased the <i>pqqC</i> abundance while decreasing the abundance of <i>phoD</i> bacterial communities compared with the control. Furthermore, the bioavailable P reservoir (H<sub>2</sub>O–Pi and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>–Pi) in soil was greatly increased through the fertilizer input and microbial turnover, with the highest H<sub>2</sub>O–Pi (3.66 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in OF treatment and the highest NaHCO<sub>3</sub>–Pi (52.65 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) in MOF treatment. Additionally, carbon utilization analysis was applied using the commercial Biolog system, revealing that the MOF treatment significantly increased the utilization of carbohydrates, polymers, and amino acid carbon sources. Moreover, compared to the control, MOF treatment significantly increased the shoot (0.469%) and root P (0.516%) content while promoting root development and thereby supporting rice growth. Our study demonstrates that the MOF treatment displayed higher P levels in both soil and rice plants, providing a theoretical basis for further understanding the role of biochar-based bacterial agents in rice P management.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/214rice husk biocharphosphate solubilizing bacteriaphosphorus gene communitymicrobial catabolic activityphosphorus content |
| spellingShingle | Keru Yu Zhenyu Wang Wenyan Yang Shuai Li Dongtao Wu Hongtao Zheng Zhengqian Ye Shaona Yang Dan Liu Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice Plants rice husk biochar phosphate solubilizing bacteria phosphorus gene community microbial catabolic activity phosphorus content |
| title | Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice |
| title_full | Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice |
| title_fullStr | Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice |
| title_short | Application of Biochar-Immobilized <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> for Enhancing Phosphorus Uptake and Growth in Rice |
| title_sort | application of biochar immobilized i bacillus megaterium i for enhancing phosphorus uptake and growth in rice |
| topic | rice husk biochar phosphate solubilizing bacteria phosphorus gene community microbial catabolic activity phosphorus content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/214 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keruyu applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT zhenyuwang applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT wenyanyang applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT shuaili applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT dongtaowu applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT hongtaozheng applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT zhengqianye applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT shaonayang applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice AT danliu applicationofbiocharimmobilizedibacillusmegateriumiforenhancingphosphorusuptakeandgrowthinrice |