Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection
Formaldehyde (FA) is a common pollutant found indoors and outdoors, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing sensitive and efficient detection methods for FA is essential for environmental monitoring and protecting public health. Herein, we report a naphthalimide-conjugated...
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| Format: | Article |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Science and Technology of Advanced Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2469493 |
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| author | Subhadip Roy Swagata Pan Swaminathan Sivaram Priyadarsi De |
| author_facet | Subhadip Roy Swagata Pan Swaminathan Sivaram Priyadarsi De |
| author_sort | Subhadip Roy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Formaldehyde (FA) is a common pollutant found indoors and outdoors, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing sensitive and efficient detection methods for FA is essential for environmental monitoring and protecting public health. Herein, we report a naphthalimide-conjugated water-soluble polymeric fluorescent probe for the detection of FA in both aqueous and vapor phases using fluorimetric methods. The aromatic amines present in the side chain of the polymer react with FA, forming a Schiff base (imine bond). This imine formation inhibits the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process within the polymer, leading to a ‘turn-on’ fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. The probe is capable of selectively sensing FA with a detection limit as low as 1.36 nM in aqueous medium. The formation of imine is confirmed for the model reaction between 6-(4-aminophenyl)-2-(4-((4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1 h-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2 h)-dione and FA by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration methods. The mechanism behind ‘turn-on’ FA sensing is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Additionally, the study demonstrates a facile approach for covalently attaching the polymer on the surface of a filter paper surface via ultraviolet (UV) light-induced cross-linking. Such polymer attached paper exhibits FA vapor sensing through changes in fluorescence intensity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7d868cd8a674954b64ea25aedd62fdd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1468-6996 1878-5514 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Science and Technology of Advanced Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7d868cd8a674954b64ea25aedd62fdd2025-08-20T02:30:28ZengTaylor & Francis GroupScience and Technology of Advanced Materials1468-69961878-55142025-12-0126110.1080/14686996.2025.2469493Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detectionSubhadip Roy0Swagata Pan1Swaminathan Sivaram2Priyadarsi De3Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, IndiaPolymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, IndiaIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune, IndiaPolymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, West Bengal, IndiaFormaldehyde (FA) is a common pollutant found indoors and outdoors, posing a significant threat to human health. Therefore, developing sensitive and efficient detection methods for FA is essential for environmental monitoring and protecting public health. Herein, we report a naphthalimide-conjugated water-soluble polymeric fluorescent probe for the detection of FA in both aqueous and vapor phases using fluorimetric methods. The aromatic amines present in the side chain of the polymer react with FA, forming a Schiff base (imine bond). This imine formation inhibits the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process within the polymer, leading to a ‘turn-on’ fluorescence under 365 nm UV light. The probe is capable of selectively sensing FA with a detection limit as low as 1.36 nM in aqueous medium. The formation of imine is confirmed for the model reaction between 6-(4-aminophenyl)-2-(4-((4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1 h-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2 h)-dione and FA by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titration methods. The mechanism behind ‘turn-on’ FA sensing is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Additionally, the study demonstrates a facile approach for covalently attaching the polymer on the surface of a filter paper surface via ultraviolet (UV) light-induced cross-linking. Such polymer attached paper exhibits FA vapor sensing through changes in fluorescence intensity.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2469493Formaldehydepolymeric probefluorometric sensingSchiff base formationaqueous and vapor phase detection |
| spellingShingle | Subhadip Roy Swagata Pan Swaminathan Sivaram Priyadarsi De Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection Science and Technology of Advanced Materials Formaldehyde polymeric probe fluorometric sensing Schiff base formation aqueous and vapor phase detection |
| title | Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| title_full | Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| title_fullStr | Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| title_short | Naphthalimide-based fluorescent polymeric probe: a dual-phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| title_sort | naphthalimide based fluorescent polymeric probe a dual phase sensor for formaldehyde detection |
| topic | Formaldehyde polymeric probe fluorometric sensing Schiff base formation aqueous and vapor phase detection |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2469493 |
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