Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete
The degradation of concrete caused by sulfate attack poses a significant challenge to its durability. Using nanomaterials to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete is a promising solution. A study of the durability of nano-alumina (NA)-modified concrete by sulfate erosion was c...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/120 |
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| author | Kai Gao Dun Chen Chunqing Li Guoyu Li Yuncheng Mao Xuyang Wu Anshuang Su Hang Zhang Xu Wang |
| author_facet | Kai Gao Dun Chen Chunqing Li Guoyu Li Yuncheng Mao Xuyang Wu Anshuang Su Hang Zhang Xu Wang |
| author_sort | Kai Gao |
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| description | The degradation of concrete caused by sulfate attack poses a significant challenge to its durability. Using nanomaterials to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete is a promising solution. A study of the durability of nano-alumina (NA)-modified concrete by sulfate erosion was carried out. The results showed that the compressive strength, quality, and permeability of concrete to chloride ions decreased during its long-term erosion by a sodium sulfate solution. The NA-modified concrete exhibited higher resistance to erosion by the sodium sulfate than ordinary concrete (OPC), the rate of reduction in its tensile strength was low, and the resistance of sample NA1 to penetration by chloride ions decreased only by one-fifth compared with that of OPC. The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests showed that erosion had severely damaged the pore characteristics and micromorphology of concrete. The total porosities of the OPC and NA1 samples increased from 12.68% and 10.29% to 16.03% and 12.71%, respectively. Their microscopic morphology revealed loose particles and poor compactness. The leading causes of damage to concrete due to erosion by the sodium sulfate were its crystallization pressure and the swelling-induced stress caused by the deposition of crystals in its pores. This study demonstrates that NA can significantly enhance the durability of concrete against sulfate attack, offering valuable insights for strategic applications of NA in concrete materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7c97df2b7454ed7964304b89a721aa5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7c97df2b7454ed7964304b89a721aa52025-01-24T13:44:13ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-0115212010.3390/nano15020120Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified ConcreteKai Gao0Dun Chen1Chunqing Li2Guoyu Li3Yuncheng Mao4Xuyang Wu5Anshuang Su6Hang Zhang7Xu Wang8State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering/Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaHeilongjiang Provincial Hydraulic Research Institute, Harbin 150080, ChinaElectric Power Research Institute, State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150030, ChinaHeilongjiang Transportation Information and Science Research Center, Harbin 150080, ChinaThe degradation of concrete caused by sulfate attack poses a significant challenge to its durability. Using nanomaterials to enhance the mechanical and durability properties of concrete is a promising solution. A study of the durability of nano-alumina (NA)-modified concrete by sulfate erosion was carried out. The results showed that the compressive strength, quality, and permeability of concrete to chloride ions decreased during its long-term erosion by a sodium sulfate solution. The NA-modified concrete exhibited higher resistance to erosion by the sodium sulfate than ordinary concrete (OPC), the rate of reduction in its tensile strength was low, and the resistance of sample NA1 to penetration by chloride ions decreased only by one-fifth compared with that of OPC. The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests showed that erosion had severely damaged the pore characteristics and micromorphology of concrete. The total porosities of the OPC and NA1 samples increased from 12.68% and 10.29% to 16.03% and 12.71%, respectively. Their microscopic morphology revealed loose particles and poor compactness. The leading causes of damage to concrete due to erosion by the sodium sulfate were its crystallization pressure and the swelling-induced stress caused by the deposition of crystals in its pores. This study demonstrates that NA can significantly enhance the durability of concrete against sulfate attack, offering valuable insights for strategic applications of NA in concrete materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/120concretesodium sulfatestrengthmicrostructurecrystallization pressurestructure damage |
| spellingShingle | Kai Gao Dun Chen Chunqing Li Guoyu Li Yuncheng Mao Xuyang Wu Anshuang Su Hang Zhang Xu Wang Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete Nanomaterials concrete sodium sulfate strength microstructure crystallization pressure structure damage |
| title | Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete |
| title_full | Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete |
| title_short | Effect of Sodium Sulfate Solution Coupled with Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Properties of Nano-Alumina-Modified Concrete |
| title_sort | effect of sodium sulfate solution coupled with wetting drying cycles on the properties of nano alumina modified concrete |
| topic | concrete sodium sulfate strength microstructure crystallization pressure structure damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/120 |
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