Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity
Background. Naturally occurring substances from the flavanol and anthocyanin family of polyphenols have been proposed to exert beneficial effects in the course of obesity. We hypothesized that their effects on attenuating obesity-induced dyslipidemia as well as the associated inflammatory sequelae e...
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| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2042107 |
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| author | Roel A. van der Heijden Martine C. Morrison Fareeba Sheedfar Petra Mulder Marijke Schreurs Pascal P. H. Hommelberg Marten H. Hofker Casper Schalkwijk Robert Kleemann Uwe J. F. Tietge Debby P. Y. Koonen Peter Heeringa |
| author_facet | Roel A. van der Heijden Martine C. Morrison Fareeba Sheedfar Petra Mulder Marijke Schreurs Pascal P. H. Hommelberg Marten H. Hofker Casper Schalkwijk Robert Kleemann Uwe J. F. Tietge Debby P. Y. Koonen Peter Heeringa |
| author_sort | Roel A. van der Heijden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Naturally occurring substances from the flavanol and anthocyanin family of polyphenols have been proposed to exert beneficial effects in the course of obesity. We hypothesized that their effects on attenuating obesity-induced dyslipidemia as well as the associated inflammatory sequelae especially have health-promoting potential. Methods. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=52) received a control low-fat diet (LFD; 10 kcal% fat) for 6 weeks followed by 24 weeks of either LFD (n=13) or high-fat diet (HFD; 45 kcal% fat; n=13) or HFD supplemented with 0.1% w/w of the flavanol compound epicatechin (HFD+E; n=13) or an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (HFD+B; n=13). Energy substrate utilization was determined by indirect calorimetry in a subset of mice following the dietary switch and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 3 days and 4, 12, and 20 weeks after dietary switch and analyzed for systemic lipids and proinflammatory cytokines. Adipose tissue (AT) histopathology and inflammatory gene expression as well as hepatic lipid content were analyzed after sacrifice. Results. The switch from a LFD to a HFD lowered the respiratory exchange ratio and increased plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipid content. These changes were not attenuated by HFD+E or HFD+B. Furthermore, the polyphenol compounds could not prevent HFD-induced systemic rise of TNF-α levels. Interestingly, a significant reduction in Tnf gene expression in HFD+B mice was observed in the AT. Furthermore, HFD+B, but not HFD+E, significantly prevented the early upregulation of circulating neutrophil chemoattractant mKC. However, no differences in AT histopathology were observed between the HFD types. Conclusion. Supplementation of HFD with an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract but not with the flavanol epicatechin may exert beneficial effects on the systemic early inflammatory response associated with diet-induced obesity. These systemic effects were transient and not observed after prolongation of HFD-feeding (24 weeks). On the tissue level, long-term treatment with bilberry attenuated TNF-α expression in adipose tissue. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b7b608aa21b54063a641ab64a3d89203 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-b7b608aa21b54063a641ab64a3d892032025-02-03T01:32:48ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/20421072042107Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced ObesityRoel A. van der Heijden0Martine C. Morrison1Fareeba Sheedfar2Petra Mulder3Marijke Schreurs4Pascal P. H. Hommelberg5Marten H. Hofker6Casper Schalkwijk7Robert Kleemann8Uwe J. F. Tietge9Debby P. Y. Koonen10Peter Heeringa11Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsTop Institute Food and Nutrition, 6709 AN Wageningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsAvans University of Applied Sciences, 5223 DE Breda, NetherlandsMolecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, NetherlandsTop Institute Food and Nutrition, 6709 AN Wageningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsMolecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, NetherlandsBackground. Naturally occurring substances from the flavanol and anthocyanin family of polyphenols have been proposed to exert beneficial effects in the course of obesity. We hypothesized that their effects on attenuating obesity-induced dyslipidemia as well as the associated inflammatory sequelae especially have health-promoting potential. Methods. Male C57BL/6J mice (n=52) received a control low-fat diet (LFD; 10 kcal% fat) for 6 weeks followed by 24 weeks of either LFD (n=13) or high-fat diet (HFD; 45 kcal% fat; n=13) or HFD supplemented with 0.1% w/w of the flavanol compound epicatechin (HFD+E; n=13) or an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (HFD+B; n=13). Energy substrate utilization was determined by indirect calorimetry in a subset of mice following the dietary switch and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 3 days and 4, 12, and 20 weeks after dietary switch and analyzed for systemic lipids and proinflammatory cytokines. Adipose tissue (AT) histopathology and inflammatory gene expression as well as hepatic lipid content were analyzed after sacrifice. Results. The switch from a LFD to a HFD lowered the respiratory exchange ratio and increased plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipid content. These changes were not attenuated by HFD+E or HFD+B. Furthermore, the polyphenol compounds could not prevent HFD-induced systemic rise of TNF-α levels. Interestingly, a significant reduction in Tnf gene expression in HFD+B mice was observed in the AT. Furthermore, HFD+B, but not HFD+E, significantly prevented the early upregulation of circulating neutrophil chemoattractant mKC. However, no differences in AT histopathology were observed between the HFD types. Conclusion. Supplementation of HFD with an anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract but not with the flavanol epicatechin may exert beneficial effects on the systemic early inflammatory response associated with diet-induced obesity. These systemic effects were transient and not observed after prolongation of HFD-feeding (24 weeks). On the tissue level, long-term treatment with bilberry attenuated TNF-α expression in adipose tissue.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2042107 |
| spellingShingle | Roel A. van der Heijden Martine C. Morrison Fareeba Sheedfar Petra Mulder Marijke Schreurs Pascal P. H. Hommelberg Marten H. Hofker Casper Schalkwijk Robert Kleemann Uwe J. F. Tietge Debby P. Y. Koonen Peter Heeringa Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity |
| title_full | Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity |
| title_short | Effects of Anthocyanin and Flavanol Compounds on Lipid Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Associated Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obesity |
| title_sort | effects of anthocyanin and flavanol compounds on lipid metabolism and adipose tissue associated systemic inflammation in diet induced obesity |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2042107 |
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