Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes
Research in genetics and immunology was going on separate strands for a long time. Type 1 diabetes mellitus might not be characterized with a single pathogenetic factor. It develops when a susceptible individual is exposed to potential triggers in a given sequence and timeframe that eventually disar...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254874 |
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| author | András Zóka Györgyi Műzes Anikó Somogyi Tímea Varga Barbara Szémán Zahra Al-Aissa Orsolya Hadarits Gábor Firneisz |
| author_facet | András Zóka Györgyi Műzes Anikó Somogyi Tímea Varga Barbara Szémán Zahra Al-Aissa Orsolya Hadarits Gábor Firneisz |
| author_sort | András Zóka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Research in genetics and immunology was going on separate strands for a long time. Type 1 diabetes mellitus might not be characterized with a single pathogenetic factor. It develops when a susceptible individual is exposed to potential triggers in a given sequence and timeframe that eventually disarranges the fine-tuned immune mechanisms that keep autoimmunity under control in health. Genomewide association studies have helped to understand the congenital susceptibility, and hand-in-hand with the immunological research novel paths of immune dysregulation were described in central tolerance, apoptotic pathways, or peripheral tolerance mediated by regulatory T-cells. Epigenetic factors are contributing to the immune dysregulation. The interplay between genetic susceptibility and potential triggers is likely to play a role at a very early age and gradually results in the loss of balanced autotolerance and subsequently in the development of the clinical disease. Genetic susceptibility, the impaired elimination of apoptotic β-cell remnants, altered immune regulatory functions, and environmental factors such as viral infections determine the outcome. Autoreactivity might exist under physiologic conditions and when the integrity of the complex regulatory process is damaged the disease might develop. We summarized the immune regulatory mechanisms that might have a crucial role in disease pathology and development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b75c537f16dc4d7e931dd23515dc7618 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b75c537f16dc4d7e931dd23515dc76182025-02-03T01:22:28ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302013-01-01201310.1155/2013/254874254874Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 DiabetesAndrás Zóka0Györgyi Műzes1Anikó Somogyi2Tímea Varga3Barbara Szémán4Zahra Al-Aissa5Orsolya Hadarits6Gábor Firneisz7Second Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungaryFirst Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Baross Street 27, Budapest 1085, HungarySecond Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, HungaryResearch in genetics and immunology was going on separate strands for a long time. Type 1 diabetes mellitus might not be characterized with a single pathogenetic factor. It develops when a susceptible individual is exposed to potential triggers in a given sequence and timeframe that eventually disarranges the fine-tuned immune mechanisms that keep autoimmunity under control in health. Genomewide association studies have helped to understand the congenital susceptibility, and hand-in-hand with the immunological research novel paths of immune dysregulation were described in central tolerance, apoptotic pathways, or peripheral tolerance mediated by regulatory T-cells. Epigenetic factors are contributing to the immune dysregulation. The interplay between genetic susceptibility and potential triggers is likely to play a role at a very early age and gradually results in the loss of balanced autotolerance and subsequently in the development of the clinical disease. Genetic susceptibility, the impaired elimination of apoptotic β-cell remnants, altered immune regulatory functions, and environmental factors such as viral infections determine the outcome. Autoreactivity might exist under physiologic conditions and when the integrity of the complex regulatory process is damaged the disease might develop. We summarized the immune regulatory mechanisms that might have a crucial role in disease pathology and development.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254874 |
| spellingShingle | András Zóka Györgyi Műzes Anikó Somogyi Tímea Varga Barbara Szémán Zahra Al-Aissa Orsolya Hadarits Gábor Firneisz Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_full | Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_short | Altered Immune Regulation in Type 1 Diabetes |
| title_sort | altered immune regulation in type 1 diabetes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/254874 |
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