β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali
Abstract Flavonoids, serving as crucial secondary metabolites, are widely distributed in plants and play a key role in inhibiting microbial growth, protecting plants from pathogen invasion, and conserving energy. Our previous study revealed that the β-glucosidase VmGlu2 effectively catalyzes the deg...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Phytopathology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00296-z |
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| author | Xinyue Cui Dewan Zhang Liyong Gao Na Liu Sen Lian Weichao Ren Baohua Li Caixia Wang |
| author_facet | Xinyue Cui Dewan Zhang Liyong Gao Na Liu Sen Lian Weichao Ren Baohua Li Caixia Wang |
| author_sort | Xinyue Cui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Flavonoids, serving as crucial secondary metabolites, are widely distributed in plants and play a key role in inhibiting microbial growth, protecting plants from pathogen invasion, and conserving energy. Our previous study revealed that the β-glucosidase VmGlu2 effectively catalyzes the degradation of phloridzin, a typical flavonoid in apples, and regulates the pathogenic process of Valsa mali. However, VmGlu2 exhibits a lower efficiency in degrading rutin, another characteristic flavonoid in apples. In this study, we found that the expression level of the β-glucosidase gene VmGlu1 was induced by 9.42-fold following rutin treatment, and VmGlu1 possessed the capability to degrade both rutin and phloridzin, but under the same conditions, VmGlu1 showed a distinct preference for rutin degradation, with an initial degradation rate 8.66 times higher than that of VmGlu2. Targeted deletion of VmGlu1 resulted in a 99.32% reduction in pycnidia production, a nearly 33% decrease in toxin production, and a significant decrease in pathogenicity on apple twigs and leaves. Furthermore, we verified that VmGlu1 and VmGlu2 exhibit functional redundancy in pycnidia production, toxin-related β-glucosidase activity, and pathogenicity by generating double-deletion mutants. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the roles of VmGlus in the interaction of V. mali and apple during the infection process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6f195499e174240a49d6765c414e648 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2524-4167 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Phytopathology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6f195499e174240a49d6765c414e6482025-01-26T12:17:48ZengBMCPhytopathology Research2524-41672025-01-017111210.1186/s42483-024-00296-zβ-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa maliXinyue Cui0Dewan Zhang1Liyong Gao2Na Liu3Sen Lian4Weichao Ren5Baohua Li6Caixia Wang7Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityShandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural UniversityAbstract Flavonoids, serving as crucial secondary metabolites, are widely distributed in plants and play a key role in inhibiting microbial growth, protecting plants from pathogen invasion, and conserving energy. Our previous study revealed that the β-glucosidase VmGlu2 effectively catalyzes the degradation of phloridzin, a typical flavonoid in apples, and regulates the pathogenic process of Valsa mali. However, VmGlu2 exhibits a lower efficiency in degrading rutin, another characteristic flavonoid in apples. In this study, we found that the expression level of the β-glucosidase gene VmGlu1 was induced by 9.42-fold following rutin treatment, and VmGlu1 possessed the capability to degrade both rutin and phloridzin, but under the same conditions, VmGlu1 showed a distinct preference for rutin degradation, with an initial degradation rate 8.66 times higher than that of VmGlu2. Targeted deletion of VmGlu1 resulted in a 99.32% reduction in pycnidia production, a nearly 33% decrease in toxin production, and a significant decrease in pathogenicity on apple twigs and leaves. Furthermore, we verified that VmGlu1 and VmGlu2 exhibit functional redundancy in pycnidia production, toxin-related β-glucosidase activity, and pathogenicity by generating double-deletion mutants. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the roles of VmGlus in the interaction of V. mali and apple during the infection process.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00296-zValsa maliβ-glucosidaseFlavonoidsPathogenicity |
| spellingShingle | Xinyue Cui Dewan Zhang Liyong Gao Na Liu Sen Lian Weichao Ren Baohua Li Caixia Wang β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali Phytopathology Research Valsa mali β-glucosidase Flavonoids Pathogenicity |
| title | β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali |
| title_full | β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali |
| title_fullStr | β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali |
| title_full_unstemmed | β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali |
| title_short | β-Glucosidase VmGlu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of Valsa mali |
| title_sort | β glucosidase vmglu1 is required for toxin production and pathogenicity of valsa mali |
| topic | Valsa mali β-glucosidase Flavonoids Pathogenicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-024-00296-z |
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