Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine
<b>Background.</b> We have previously reported peptides composed of sequential arginine (R) residues paired with tryptophan (W) or 3,3-diphenyl-L-alanine residues (Dip), such as cyclic peptides [R<sub>4</sub>W<sub>4</sub>] and [R<sub>4</sub>(Dip)<su...
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2025-01-01
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| author | David Salehi Eman H. M. Mohammed Naiera M. Helmy Keykavous Parang |
| author_facet | David Salehi Eman H. M. Mohammed Naiera M. Helmy Keykavous Parang |
| author_sort | David Salehi |
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| description | <b>Background.</b> We have previously reported peptides composed of sequential arginine (R) residues paired with tryptophan (W) or 3,3-diphenyl-L-alanine residues (Dip), such as cyclic peptides [R<sub>4</sub>W<sub>4</sub>] and [R<sub>4</sub>(Dip)<sub>3</sub>], as antibacterial agents. <b>Results.</b> Herein, we report antibacterial and antifungal activities of five linear peptides, namely ((DipR)<sub>4</sub>(WR)), ((DipR)<sub>3</sub>(WR)<sub>2</sub>), ((DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>), ((DipR)(WR)<sub>4</sub>), and (DipR)<sub>4</sub>R, and five cyclic peptides [(DipR)<sub>4</sub>(WR)], [(DipR)<sub>3</sub>(WR)<sub>2</sub>], [(DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>], [(DipR)(WR)<sub>4</sub>], and [DipR]<sub>5</sub>, containing alternate positively charged R and hydrophobic W and Dip residues against fungal, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all peptides were determined by the micro-broth dilution method against <i>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. Fungal organisms were <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus.</i> [DipR]<sub>5</sub> and ((DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>) showed MIC values of 0.39–25 µM and 0.78–12.5 µM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains, respectively. The highest activity was observed against <i>S. pneumoniae</i> with MIC values of 0.39–0.78 µM among tested compounds. [DipR]<sub>5</sub> demonstrated MIC values of 6.6 µM against <i>C. parapsilosis</i> and 1.6 µM against <i>A. fumigatus</i>, whereas fluconazole showed MIC values of 3.3 µM and >209 µM, respectively. <b>Conclusions.</b> These findings highlight the potential of these peptides as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6d03bb4fa0346dd929a15ca825b5975 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6d03bb4fa0346dd929a15ca825b59752025-01-24T13:18:54ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-01-011418210.3390/antibiotics14010082Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and DiphenylalanineDavid Salehi0Eman H. M. Mohammed1Naiera M. Helmy2Keykavous Parang3Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USACenter for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USACenter for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USACenter for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA<b>Background.</b> We have previously reported peptides composed of sequential arginine (R) residues paired with tryptophan (W) or 3,3-diphenyl-L-alanine residues (Dip), such as cyclic peptides [R<sub>4</sub>W<sub>4</sub>] and [R<sub>4</sub>(Dip)<sub>3</sub>], as antibacterial agents. <b>Results.</b> Herein, we report antibacterial and antifungal activities of five linear peptides, namely ((DipR)<sub>4</sub>(WR)), ((DipR)<sub>3</sub>(WR)<sub>2</sub>), ((DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>), ((DipR)(WR)<sub>4</sub>), and (DipR)<sub>4</sub>R, and five cyclic peptides [(DipR)<sub>4</sub>(WR)], [(DipR)<sub>3</sub>(WR)<sub>2</sub>], [(DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>], [(DipR)(WR)<sub>4</sub>], and [DipR]<sub>5</sub>, containing alternate positively charged R and hydrophobic W and Dip residues against fungal, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all peptides were determined by the micro-broth dilution method against <i>Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. Fungal organisms were <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida parapsilosis</i>, and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus.</i> [DipR]<sub>5</sub> and ((DipR)<sub>2</sub>(WR)<sub>3</sub>) showed MIC values of 0.39–25 µM and 0.78–12.5 µM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains, respectively. The highest activity was observed against <i>S. pneumoniae</i> with MIC values of 0.39–0.78 µM among tested compounds. [DipR]<sub>5</sub> demonstrated MIC values of 6.6 µM against <i>C. parapsilosis</i> and 1.6 µM against <i>A. fumigatus</i>, whereas fluconazole showed MIC values of 3.3 µM and >209 µM, respectively. <b>Conclusions.</b> These findings highlight the potential of these peptides as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/82antibiotic resistanceantibioticsantifungalantimicrobial peptidesarginine3,3-Diphenyl-L-alanine |
| spellingShingle | David Salehi Eman H. M. Mohammed Naiera M. Helmy Keykavous Parang Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine Antibiotics antibiotic resistance antibiotics antifungal antimicrobial peptides arginine 3,3-Diphenyl-L-alanine |
| title | Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine |
| title_full | Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine |
| title_fullStr | Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine |
| title_short | Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Linear and Cyclic Peptides Containing Arginine, Tryptophan, and Diphenylalanine |
| title_sort | antibacterial and antifungal activities of linear and cyclic peptides containing arginine tryptophan and diphenylalanine |
| topic | antibiotic resistance antibiotics antifungal antimicrobial peptides arginine 3,3-Diphenyl-L-alanine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/82 |
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