Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors
Viral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose a continuous threat to global hea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1484119/full |
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| author | Ying Lin Ying Lin Ying Lin Yun Zhu Yun Zhu Ling Jing Ling Jing Ling Jing Xiaobo Lei Xiaobo Lei Zhengde Xie Zhengde Xie |
| author_facet | Ying Lin Ying Lin Ying Lin Yun Zhu Yun Zhu Ling Jing Ling Jing Ling Jing Xiaobo Lei Xiaobo Lei Zhengde Xie Zhengde Xie |
| author_sort | Ying Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose a continuous threat to global health. As obligate parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate, and host cells have developed numerous defense mechanisms to counteract viral infection. Host restriction factors (HRFs) are critical components of the early antiviral response. These cellular proteins inhibit viral replication and spread by impeding essential steps in the viral life cycle, such as viral entry, genome transcription and replication, protein translation, viral particle assembly, and release. This review summarizes the current understanding of how host restriction factors inhibit viral replication, with a primary focus on their diverse antiviral mechanisms against a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, enteroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of these factors in shaping the host-virus interactions and discuss their potential as targets for antiviral drug development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b66869a414224f4ea88a36e93e54340b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b66869a414224f4ea88a36e93e54340b2025-01-23T06:56:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.14841191484119Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factorsYing Lin0Ying Lin1Ying Lin2Yun Zhu3Yun Zhu4Ling Jing5Ling Jing6Ling Jing7Xiaobo Lei8Xiaobo Lei9Zhengde Xie10Zhengde Xie11National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, ChinaResearch Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, ChinaResearch Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, ChinaResearch Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of System Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Merieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, ChinaResearch Unit of Critical Infection in Children, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaViral infectious diseases, caused by numerous viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IAV), enterovirus (EV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and human papillomavirus (HPV), pose a continuous threat to global health. As obligate parasites, viruses rely on host cells to replicate, and host cells have developed numerous defense mechanisms to counteract viral infection. Host restriction factors (HRFs) are critical components of the early antiviral response. These cellular proteins inhibit viral replication and spread by impeding essential steps in the viral life cycle, such as viral entry, genome transcription and replication, protein translation, viral particle assembly, and release. This review summarizes the current understanding of how host restriction factors inhibit viral replication, with a primary focus on their diverse antiviral mechanisms against a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, enteroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus. In addition, we highlight the crucial role of these factors in shaping the host-virus interactions and discuss their potential as targets for antiviral drug development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1484119/fullhost restriction factorsantiviralinnate immune responseinterferonhost-virus interaction |
| spellingShingle | Ying Lin Ying Lin Ying Lin Yun Zhu Yun Zhu Ling Jing Ling Jing Ling Jing Xiaobo Lei Xiaobo Lei Zhengde Xie Zhengde Xie Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors Frontiers in Immunology host restriction factors antiviral innate immune response interferon host-virus interaction |
| title | Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| title_full | Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| title_fullStr | Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| title_short | Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| title_sort | regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors |
| topic | host restriction factors antiviral innate immune response interferon host-virus interaction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1484119/full |
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