The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study
BackgroundThe Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) serves as a diagnostic metric for fatty liver. While research has established a link between depression and fatty liver, the association with the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) remains undocumented. The aim of this study is to explore the potential co...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1510327/full |
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| author | Chunqi Jiang Bo Wang Ning Wang Jun Wang Yinuo Qu Guang Zhao Xin Zhang Xin Zhang |
| author_facet | Chunqi Jiang Bo Wang Ning Wang Jun Wang Yinuo Qu Guang Zhao Xin Zhang Xin Zhang |
| author_sort | Chunqi Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundThe Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) serves as a diagnostic metric for fatty liver. While research has established a link between depression and fatty liver, the association with the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) remains undocumented. The aim of this study is to explore the potential correlation between FSI and depression, addressing this research void.MethodsOur data originates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We employed the PHQ-9 questionnaire for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. We investigated the association between FSI and depression using a weighted multiple logistic regression model and stratified analysis. Non-linear associations were explored using fitted smooth curves. A recursive method was employed to identify inflection points. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences in the association between FSI and depression within subgroups.ResultsOur research encompassed a total of 19,697 participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, demonstrated a significant positive association between FSI and depression, with OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.18). Stratified analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation exists between FSI and depression among all groups except those with BMI below 30. The non-linear relationship was further confirmed by the restricted cubic splines analysis, which revealed an inflection point at an FSI value of 29.72. Below this threshold, there was no significant correlation, while above it, a positive correlation was observed. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant interactions between FSI and depression within the educational attainment groups.ConclusionOur study’s discovery is the curvilinear relationship between FSI and depression. Factors such as inflammation, hormonal levels, and metabolic disruptions could be the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. This finding offers valuable insights that could inform the development of comprehensive intervention strategies for managing depression in clinical settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b63beb0a06784d13a7f251e97d03f5a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-b63beb0a06784d13a7f251e97d03f5a72025-01-31T06:39:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-01-011510.3389/fpsyt.2024.15103271510327The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide studyChunqi Jiang0Bo Wang1Ning Wang2Jun Wang3Yinuo Qu4Guang Zhao5Xin Zhang6Xin Zhang7Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaPediatrics Department, Central Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaBasic Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaAffiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaCollege of Acupuncture - Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, ChinaBackgroundThe Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) serves as a diagnostic metric for fatty liver. While research has established a link between depression and fatty liver, the association with the Framingham Steatosis Index (FSI) remains undocumented. The aim of this study is to explore the potential correlation between FSI and depression, addressing this research void.MethodsOur data originates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. We employed the PHQ-9 questionnaire for the evaluation of depressive symptoms. We investigated the association between FSI and depression using a weighted multiple logistic regression model and stratified analysis. Non-linear associations were explored using fitted smooth curves. A recursive method was employed to identify inflection points. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine differences in the association between FSI and depression within subgroups.ResultsOur research encompassed a total of 19,697 participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounding factors, demonstrated a significant positive association between FSI and depression, with OR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.18). Stratified analysis indicated that a significant positive correlation exists between FSI and depression among all groups except those with BMI below 30. The non-linear relationship was further confirmed by the restricted cubic splines analysis, which revealed an inflection point at an FSI value of 29.72. Below this threshold, there was no significant correlation, while above it, a positive correlation was observed. Subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant interactions between FSI and depression within the educational attainment groups.ConclusionOur study’s discovery is the curvilinear relationship between FSI and depression. Factors such as inflammation, hormonal levels, and metabolic disruptions could be the underlying mechanisms driving this relationship. This finding offers valuable insights that could inform the development of comprehensive intervention strategies for managing depression in clinical settings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1510327/fullFramingham Steatosis IndexdepressioncurvilinearNHANEScross-sectional study |
| spellingShingle | Chunqi Jiang Bo Wang Ning Wang Jun Wang Yinuo Qu Guang Zhao Xin Zhang Xin Zhang The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study Frontiers in Psychiatry Framingham Steatosis Index depression curvilinear NHANES cross-sectional study |
| title | The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study |
| title_full | The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study |
| title_fullStr | The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study |
| title_short | The curvilinear relationship between Framingham Steatosis Index and depression: insights from a nationwide study |
| title_sort | curvilinear relationship between framingham steatosis index and depression insights from a nationwide study |
| topic | Framingham Steatosis Index depression curvilinear NHANES cross-sectional study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1510327/full |
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