Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study
BackgroundExcessive exposure to PM2.5 can be detrimental to reproductive health. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure during different periods and negative pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage and preterm birth, in patients who u...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1460976/full |
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| author | Miaoxin Chen Qiaoyu Chen Gengze Liao Chunyan Sun Cong Liu Xia Meng Wentao Li Andong Qiu Orhan Bukulmez Haidong Kan Feng Wang Lap Ah Tse Xiaoming Teng |
| author_facet | Miaoxin Chen Qiaoyu Chen Gengze Liao Chunyan Sun Cong Liu Xia Meng Wentao Li Andong Qiu Orhan Bukulmez Haidong Kan Feng Wang Lap Ah Tse Xiaoming Teng |
| author_sort | Miaoxin Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundExcessive exposure to PM2.5 can be detrimental to reproductive health. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure during different periods and negative pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage and preterm birth, in patients who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the outcomes of 2,839 infertile women aged ≤ 45 years who underwent their first fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between April 2016 and December 2019. Satellite data were used to determine the daily average levels of PM2.5, and exposure was categorized as excessive if it exceeded the WHO’s interim target 2 level of 50 µg/m3. The analysis was conducted separately for seven different periods. Our study used multinomial logistic regression models to explore the potential associations between PM2.5 exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding women who underwent blastocyst transfer.ResultsDaily PM2.5 exposure exceeding the threshold (50 µg/m3) was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage during the period after confirmation of clinical pregnancy or biochemical pregnancy, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 2.22 (95% CI 1.75-2.81) and 2.23 (95% CI 1.68-2.96), respectively. Moreover, for each increase of 10 µg/m3 above the threshold for PM2.5, there was a 46% elevated risk of preterm birth (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.94) during the period after the confirmation of clinical pregnancy and a 61% elevated risk of preterm birth (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.23) during the period after the confirmation of biochemical pregnancy. Our stratified analyses revealed that women with an endometrial thickness <11 mm or who underwent frozen embryo transfer were more vulnerable to PM2.5 exposure, leading to higher rates of preterm birth.ConclusionExcessive PM2.5 exposure after biochemical pregnancy or clinical pregnancy was associated with increased risks of preterm birth and miscarriage among women who underwent ART. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b6226427d08342f0a81acd27a24855d6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b6226427d08342f0a81acd27a24855d62025-01-27T08:24:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922025-01-011610.3389/fendo.2025.14609761460976Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort studyMiaoxin Chen0Qiaoyu Chen1Gengze Liao2Chunyan Sun3Cong Liu4Xia Meng5Wentao Li6Andong Qiu7Orhan Bukulmez8Haidong Kan9Feng Wang10Lap Ah Tse11Xiaoming Teng12Centre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaCentre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaCentre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaCentre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United StatesSchool of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaCentre for Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundExcessive exposure to PM2.5 can be detrimental to reproductive health. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure during different periods and negative pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage and preterm birth, in patients who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study examined the outcomes of 2,839 infertile women aged ≤ 45 years who underwent their first fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital between April 2016 and December 2019. Satellite data were used to determine the daily average levels of PM2.5, and exposure was categorized as excessive if it exceeded the WHO’s interim target 2 level of 50 µg/m3. The analysis was conducted separately for seven different periods. Our study used multinomial logistic regression models to explore the potential associations between PM2.5 exposure and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding women who underwent blastocyst transfer.ResultsDaily PM2.5 exposure exceeding the threshold (50 µg/m3) was associated with an increased risk of miscarriage during the period after confirmation of clinical pregnancy or biochemical pregnancy, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 2.22 (95% CI 1.75-2.81) and 2.23 (95% CI 1.68-2.96), respectively. Moreover, for each increase of 10 µg/m3 above the threshold for PM2.5, there was a 46% elevated risk of preterm birth (AOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.94) during the period after the confirmation of clinical pregnancy and a 61% elevated risk of preterm birth (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.16-2.23) during the period after the confirmation of biochemical pregnancy. Our stratified analyses revealed that women with an endometrial thickness <11 mm or who underwent frozen embryo transfer were more vulnerable to PM2.5 exposure, leading to higher rates of preterm birth.ConclusionExcessive PM2.5 exposure after biochemical pregnancy or clinical pregnancy was associated with increased risks of preterm birth and miscarriage among women who underwent ART.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1460976/fullPM2.5 exposurepreterm birthmiscarriageparticulate matterin vitro fertilization |
| spellingShingle | Miaoxin Chen Qiaoyu Chen Gengze Liao Chunyan Sun Cong Liu Xia Meng Wentao Li Andong Qiu Orhan Bukulmez Haidong Kan Feng Wang Lap Ah Tse Xiaoming Teng Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study Frontiers in Endocrinology PM2.5 exposure preterm birth miscarriage particulate matter in vitro fertilization |
| title | Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Associations of maternal PM2.5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | associations of maternal pm2 5 exposure with preterm birth and miscarriage in women undergoing in vitro fertilization a retrospective cohort study |
| topic | PM2.5 exposure preterm birth miscarriage particulate matter in vitro fertilization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1460976/full |
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