Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method

Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MagCNTs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties, robust adsorption capabilities, and unique thermal conductivity, making them valuable in fields such as drug delivery and environmental technology. However, their production and desi...

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Main Authors: José D. Pizha, Diana G. Heredia, Luis Corredor, Carlos Reinoso, Werner Bramer, Jules Gardener, Guillermo Solorzano, Gema Gonzalez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Carbon Trends
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056924001251
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author José D. Pizha
Diana G. Heredia
Luis Corredor
Carlos Reinoso
Werner Bramer
Jules Gardener
Guillermo Solorzano
Gema Gonzalez
author_facet José D. Pizha
Diana G. Heredia
Luis Corredor
Carlos Reinoso
Werner Bramer
Jules Gardener
Guillermo Solorzano
Gema Gonzalez
author_sort José D. Pizha
collection DOAJ
description Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MagCNTs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties, robust adsorption capabilities, and unique thermal conductivity, making them valuable in fields such as drug delivery and environmental technology. However, their production and design face challenges due to complex methodologies and the exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, which hinders scalability and compromises their applications. Issues like rapid oxidation of iron-based NPs and potential toxicity of alternative metals like cobalt or nickel further limit their efficacy and utility. To address these challenges, encapsulating the metallic NPs can preserve their magnetic properties and enhance application options. In this study, we introduce a novel, in-situ, one-step synthesis method to encapsulate magnetic NPs, such as Fe3O4, Fe, and Fe3C, within the structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The material was synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using Fe3O4 NPs as the catalyst. The composition and morphology were studied using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). These analysis revealed the effective confinement of magnetic NPs, with size approximately 10–20 nm, within the CNTs. Furthermore, VSM results confirmed the magnetic properties at room temperature, with a magnetic saturation value of 35.8 emu/g. This approach offers a refined production process and material design, expanding their applicability in various technological and biomedical fields.
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spelling doaj-art-b51a934112994c4486da97e51eca36ac2025-08-20T03:14:47ZengElsevierCarbon Trends2667-05692025-04-011910044610.1016/j.cartre.2024.100446Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis methodJosé D. Pizha0Diana G. Heredia1Luis Corredor2Carlos Reinoso3Werner Bramer4Jules Gardener5Guillermo Solorzano6Gema Gonzalez7Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuqui, 100119, EcuadorYachay Tech University, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Urcuqui, 100119, EcuadorYachay Tech University, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Urcuqui, 100119, EcuadorYachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuqui, 100119, EcuadorYachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuqui, 100119, EcuadorHarvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Technology, Allston, 02134, USAHarvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Technology, Allston, 02134, USAYachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuqui, 100119, Ecuador; Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Centro de Ing Materiales y Nanotecnologia, Caracas, 1020A, Venezuela; Corresponding author at: Yachay Tech University, School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Urcuqui, 100119, Ecuador.Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MagCNTs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional magnetic properties, robust adsorption capabilities, and unique thermal conductivity, making them valuable in fields such as drug delivery and environmental technology. However, their production and design face challenges due to complex methodologies and the exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) to the environment, which hinders scalability and compromises their applications. Issues like rapid oxidation of iron-based NPs and potential toxicity of alternative metals like cobalt or nickel further limit their efficacy and utility. To address these challenges, encapsulating the metallic NPs can preserve their magnetic properties and enhance application options. In this study, we introduce a novel, in-situ, one-step synthesis method to encapsulate magnetic NPs, such as Fe3O4, Fe, and Fe3C, within the structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The material was synthesized via Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) using Fe3O4 NPs as the catalyst. The composition and morphology were studied using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). These analysis revealed the effective confinement of magnetic NPs, with size approximately 10–20 nm, within the CNTs. Furthermore, VSM results confirmed the magnetic properties at room temperature, with a magnetic saturation value of 35.8 emu/g. This approach offers a refined production process and material design, expanding their applicability in various technological and biomedical fields.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056924001251EncapsulationMagnetic nanoparticlesMagnetic carbon nanotubes
spellingShingle José D. Pizha
Diana G. Heredia
Luis Corredor
Carlos Reinoso
Werner Bramer
Jules Gardener
Guillermo Solorzano
Gema Gonzalez
Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
Carbon Trends
Encapsulation
Magnetic nanoparticles
Magnetic carbon nanotubes
title Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
title_full Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
title_fullStr Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
title_full_unstemmed Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
title_short Encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one-step facile synthesis method
title_sort encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles into carbon nanotubes by one step facile synthesis method
topic Encapsulation
Magnetic nanoparticles
Magnetic carbon nanotubes
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667056924001251
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