Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management

Ticks and tick-borne diseases significantly impact animal health, public health, and economic productivity globally, particularly in areas where the wildlife–livestock interface complicates management. This review critically examines the current control strategies, focusing on chemical, biological,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela, Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai, Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Veterinary Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/114
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850231432101756928
author Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela
Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai
Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi
author_facet Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela
Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai
Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi
author_sort Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela
collection DOAJ
description Ticks and tick-borne diseases significantly impact animal health, public health, and economic productivity globally, particularly in areas where the wildlife–livestock interface complicates management. This review critically examines the current control strategies, focusing on chemical, biological, physical, and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Chemical acaricides, while effective, are increasingly challenged by resistance development and environmental concerns. Biological approaches, including natural predators and entomopathogenic fungi, and physical interventions, such as habitat modification, provide sustainable alternatives but require further optimization. IPM stands out as the most promising long-term solution, integrating multiple approaches to enhance efficacy while reducing environmental risks. Emerging innovations, such as nanotechnology-enhanced acaricides and next-generation vaccines, offer promising avenues for improved tick control. Addressing the complex challenges of tick management requires tailored strategies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and sustained research investment in both veterinary and public health contexts.
format Article
id doaj-art-b51a00ccc2724943aa12b26386427eb7
institution OA Journals
issn 2306-7381
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Veterinary Sciences
spelling doaj-art-b51a00ccc2724943aa12b26386427eb72025-08-20T02:03:31ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-02-0112211410.3390/vetsci12020114Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick ManagementTsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela0Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai1Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi2Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0183, South AfricaDepartment of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0183, South AfricaDepartment of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0183, South AfricaTicks and tick-borne diseases significantly impact animal health, public health, and economic productivity globally, particularly in areas where the wildlife–livestock interface complicates management. This review critically examines the current control strategies, focusing on chemical, biological, physical, and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. Chemical acaricides, while effective, are increasingly challenged by resistance development and environmental concerns. Biological approaches, including natural predators and entomopathogenic fungi, and physical interventions, such as habitat modification, provide sustainable alternatives but require further optimization. IPM stands out as the most promising long-term solution, integrating multiple approaches to enhance efficacy while reducing environmental risks. Emerging innovations, such as nanotechnology-enhanced acaricides and next-generation vaccines, offer promising avenues for improved tick control. Addressing the complex challenges of tick management requires tailored strategies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and sustained research investment in both veterinary and public health contexts.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/114acaricidesbiological controlhard ticksintegrated pest managementsustainable managementtick control
spellingShingle Tsireledzo Goodwill Makwarela
Nimmi Seoraj-Pillai
Tshifhiwa Constance Nangammbi
Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
Veterinary Sciences
acaricides
biological control
hard ticks
integrated pest management
sustainable management
tick control
title Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
title_full Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
title_fullStr Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
title_full_unstemmed Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
title_short Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management
title_sort tick control strategies critical insights into chemical biological physical and integrated approaches for effective hard tick management
topic acaricides
biological control
hard ticks
integrated pest management
sustainable management
tick control
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/114
work_keys_str_mv AT tsireledzogoodwillmakwarela tickcontrolstrategiescriticalinsightsintochemicalbiologicalphysicalandintegratedapproachesforeffectivehardtickmanagement
AT nimmiseorajpillai tickcontrolstrategiescriticalinsightsintochemicalbiologicalphysicalandintegratedapproachesforeffectivehardtickmanagement
AT tshifhiwaconstancenangammbi tickcontrolstrategiescriticalinsightsintochemicalbiologicalphysicalandintegratedapproachesforeffectivehardtickmanagement