Causality in Jain Narratives: Teaching Dharma Through Karma by Sītā’s Abandonment

This paper investigates the complex causal relationships within Jain narrative literature (<i>prathamānuyoga/dharmakathānuyoga</i>), specifically focusing on the examination of the Sītā abandonment narrative across Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Apabhramsha textual traditions. By employing textu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Achyut Kant Jain
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Religions
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/4/464
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Summary:This paper investigates the complex causal relationships within Jain narrative literature (<i>prathamānuyoga/dharmakathānuyoga</i>), specifically focusing on the examination of the Sītā abandonment narrative across Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Apabhramsha textual traditions. By employing textual analysis and philosophical interpretation, the study explores the intricate causative mechanisms in narratives by Vimalasūri, Raviṣeṇa, and Svayambhūdeva. The paper addresses critical research questions examining the multifaceted nature of causality: the root causes of Sītā’s abandonment, the identification of precursory causal signs like dreams, cravings during pregnancy and omens, an analysis of Sītā’s philosophical response to her circumstances, and the complex interplay between external and internal instrumental causes (<i>bahiraṅga-</i> and <i>antaraṅga-nimitta-kāraṇa</i>). Through rigorous textual comparison and philosophical analysis of the <i>Paümacariyaṃ, Padmapuraṇa,</i> and <i>Paümacariü</i>, the study reveals that Jain narrative literature predominantly employs instrumental causality as its primary explanatory framework. The paper demonstrates how external and internal instrumental causes interplay, and explores the role of Sītā’s bad or good karma in shaping her narrative trajectory. The paper contributes to the ongoing scholarship on Jain narratives by analyzing causality in religious narratives, offering philosophical insights into narrative causation, providing an interdisciplinary perspective that bridges literary analysis with philosophical interpretation, and illuminating the ways Jain narratives employ causality to explain complex human experiences and ethical dilemmas, ultimately revealing how narrative structures reflect deeper metaphysical and philosophical concepts within the Jain textual tradition.
ISSN:2077-1444