Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are promising markers of vascular damage and endothelial regeneration potential. We focused on the detection of CECs and EPCs using flow cytometry with regard to analytical challenges and its suitability for routine testing...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
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| author | Maja Preložnik Navodnik Katarina Reberšek Katarina Klinar Andrej Janež Helena Podgornik |
| author_facet | Maja Preložnik Navodnik Katarina Reberšek Katarina Klinar Andrej Janež Helena Podgornik |
| author_sort | Maja Preložnik Navodnik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are promising markers of vascular damage and endothelial regeneration potential. We focused on the detection of CECs and EPCs using flow cytometry with regard to analytical challenges and its suitability for routine testing. As part of a clinical validation, CECs and EPCs were measured in blood samples from 83 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), evaluating an adjuvant intervention with two different antidiabetic drugs, empagliflozin (N = 28) and semaglutide (N = 29). Both groups receiving adjuvant therapy were compared with the insulin-only group (N = 26) at two time points: before the start of therapy and after 12 weeks of adjuvant therapy. All three groups were comparable regarding demographic characteristics and concomitant risk factors. Absolute and relative endothelial cell count at baseline were low and comparable to those of healthy individuals. In the group receiving empagliflozin or semaglutide, a significant increase in EPC was observed after 12 weeks of treatment. We demonstrated that EPCs have the potential to serve as markers for monitoring the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in T1DM patients. However, before their implementation in clinical practice, the flow cytometry protocol for CEC and EPC identification and quantification must be standardized. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b4c7b28ed56f4c38b13e1988323a5c07 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1467-3037 1467-3045 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Current Issues in Molecular Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b4c7b28ed56f4c38b13e1988323a5c072025-01-24T13:27:33ZengMDPI AGCurrent Issues in Molecular Biology1467-30371467-30452025-01-014715410.3390/cimb47010054Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes MellitusMaja Preložnik Navodnik0Katarina Reberšek1Katarina Klinar2Andrej Janež3Helena Podgornik4Department of Angiology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, General Hospital Celje, 3000 Celje, SloveniaDepartment of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaCirculating endothelial cells (CECs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are promising markers of vascular damage and endothelial regeneration potential. We focused on the detection of CECs and EPCs using flow cytometry with regard to analytical challenges and its suitability for routine testing. As part of a clinical validation, CECs and EPCs were measured in blood samples from 83 subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), evaluating an adjuvant intervention with two different antidiabetic drugs, empagliflozin (N = 28) and semaglutide (N = 29). Both groups receiving adjuvant therapy were compared with the insulin-only group (N = 26) at two time points: before the start of therapy and after 12 weeks of adjuvant therapy. All three groups were comparable regarding demographic characteristics and concomitant risk factors. Absolute and relative endothelial cell count at baseline were low and comparable to those of healthy individuals. In the group receiving empagliflozin or semaglutide, a significant increase in EPC was observed after 12 weeks of treatment. We demonstrated that EPCs have the potential to serve as markers for monitoring the efficacy of adjuvant therapy in T1DM patients. However, before their implementation in clinical practice, the flow cytometry protocol for CEC and EPC identification and quantification must be standardized.https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/1/54flow cytometrytype 1 diabetes mellitusendothelial progenitor cellscirculating endothelial cellsadjuvant treatmentempagliflozin |
| spellingShingle | Maja Preložnik Navodnik Katarina Reberšek Katarina Klinar Andrej Janež Helena Podgornik Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Current Issues in Molecular Biology flow cytometry type 1 diabetes mellitus endothelial progenitor cells circulating endothelial cells adjuvant treatment empagliflozin |
| title | Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | Adjuvant Treatment with Empagliflozin or Semaglutide Increases Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Subjects with Well-Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | adjuvant treatment with empagliflozin or semaglutide increases endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with well controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | flow cytometry type 1 diabetes mellitus endothelial progenitor cells circulating endothelial cells adjuvant treatment empagliflozin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1467-3045/47/1/54 |
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