Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications
The clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with natural allergen extracts has been established in IgE-dependent respiratory allergies to grass or tree pollens, as well as house dust mites. Sublingual vaccines have an excellent safety record, documented with approximately 2 billion dose...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/623474 |
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| author | Philippe Moingeon Laurent Mascarell |
| author_facet | Philippe Moingeon Laurent Mascarell |
| author_sort | Philippe Moingeon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with natural allergen extracts has been established in IgE-dependent respiratory allergies to grass or tree pollens, as well as house dust mites. Sublingual vaccines have an excellent safety record, documented with approximately 2 billion doses administered, as of today, in humans. The oral immune system comprises various antigen-presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, as well as myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) with a distinct localisation in the mucosa, along the lamina propria and in subepithelial tissues, respectively. In the absence of danger signals, all these DC subsets are tolerogenic in that they support the differentiation of Th1- and IL10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells. Oral tissues contain limited numbers of mast cells and eosinophils, mostly located in submucosal areas, thereby explaining the good safety profile of SLIT. Resident oral Th1, Th2, and Th17 CD4+ T cells are located along the lamina propria, likely representing a defence mechanism against infectious pathogens. Second-generation sublingual vaccines are being developed, based upon recombinant allergens expressed in a native conformation, possibly formulated with Th1/T reg adjuvants and/or mucoadhesive particulate vector systems specifically designed to target oral dendritic cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b461bbfd80464cb2b6aa320a7564deb4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b461bbfd80464cb2b6aa320a7564deb42025-02-03T06:06:24ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302012-01-01201210.1155/2012/623474623474Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and ApplicationsPhilippe Moingeon0Laurent Mascarell1Département Scientifique, Stallergènes SA, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92160 Antony, FranceDépartement Scientifique, Stallergènes SA, 6 rue Alexis de Tocqueville, 92160 Antony, FranceThe clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with natural allergen extracts has been established in IgE-dependent respiratory allergies to grass or tree pollens, as well as house dust mites. Sublingual vaccines have an excellent safety record, documented with approximately 2 billion doses administered, as of today, in humans. The oral immune system comprises various antigen-presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, as well as myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs) with a distinct localisation in the mucosa, along the lamina propria and in subepithelial tissues, respectively. In the absence of danger signals, all these DC subsets are tolerogenic in that they support the differentiation of Th1- and IL10-producing regulatory CD4+ T cells. Oral tissues contain limited numbers of mast cells and eosinophils, mostly located in submucosal areas, thereby explaining the good safety profile of SLIT. Resident oral Th1, Th2, and Th17 CD4+ T cells are located along the lamina propria, likely representing a defence mechanism against infectious pathogens. Second-generation sublingual vaccines are being developed, based upon recombinant allergens expressed in a native conformation, possibly formulated with Th1/T reg adjuvants and/or mucoadhesive particulate vector systems specifically designed to target oral dendritic cells.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/623474 |
| spellingShingle | Philippe Moingeon Laurent Mascarell Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications |
| title_full | Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications |
| title_fullStr | Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications |
| title_short | Induction of Tolerance via the Sublingual Route: Mechanisms and Applications |
| title_sort | induction of tolerance via the sublingual route mechanisms and applications |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/623474 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT philippemoingeon inductionoftoleranceviathesublingualroutemechanismsandapplications AT laurentmascarell inductionoftoleranceviathesublingualroutemechanismsandapplications |