Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2015-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514868 |
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| author | Pinja Ilmarinen Leena E. Tuomisto Hannu Kankaanranta |
| author_facet | Pinja Ilmarinen Leena E. Tuomisto Hannu Kankaanranta |
| author_sort | Pinja Ilmarinen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life-style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult-onset disease. Adult-onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult-onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood-onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult-onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult-onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult-onset asthma. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b445bd81a8b644df899985eb89ce40c8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-b445bd81a8b644df899985eb89ce40c82025-02-03T01:26:55ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612015-01-01201510.1155/2015/514868514868Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset AsthmaPinja Ilmarinen0Leena E. Tuomisto1Hannu Kankaanranta2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, 60220 Seinäjoki, FinlandAsthma is a heterogeneous disease with many phenotypes, and age at disease onset is an important factor in separating the phenotypes. Genetic factors, atopy, and early respiratory tract infections are well-recognized factors predisposing to childhood-onset asthma. Adult-onset asthma is more often associated with obesity, smoking, depression, or other life-style or environmental factors, even though genetic factors and respiratory tract infections may also play a role in adult-onset disease. Adult-onset asthma is characterized by absence of atopy and is often severe requiring treatment with high dose of inhaled and/or oral steroids. Variety of risk factors and nonatopic nature of adult-onset disease suggest that variety of mechanisms is involved in the disease pathogenesis and that these mechanisms differ from the pathobiology of childhood-onset asthma with prevailing Th2 airway inflammation. Recognition of the mechanisms and mediators that drive the adult-onset disease helps to develop novel strategies for the treatment. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of adult-onset asthma and to concentrate on the mechanisms and mediators involved in establishing adult-onset asthma in response to specific risk factors. We also discuss the involvement of these mechanisms in the currently recognized phenotypes of adult-onset asthma.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514868 |
| spellingShingle | Pinja Ilmarinen Leena E. Tuomisto Hannu Kankaanranta Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma |
| title_full | Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma |
| title_short | Phenotypes, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Adult-Onset Asthma |
| title_sort | phenotypes risk factors and mechanisms of adult onset asthma |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/514868 |
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