Gender-specific association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gender-specific association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), remains to be a major driver of vision loss worldwide. Vitamin D has been reported to be involved in DR pathogenesis, but results have been inconsistent. We aimed to explore the relatio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jing He, Jingrui Kang, Zhou Mei, Xiaohui Zhou, Yingchuan Yin, Cuiling Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:
type 2 diabetes
diabetic retinopathy
25-hydroxyvitamin D
total testosterone
gender-specific difference
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2025.1541961/full
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