The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.

Birds and their nests are vulnerable to predation during the breeding season. Many birds have evolved nest placement strategies that minimize risk such as concealing nests in vegetation, or nesting in inaccessible cavities or on cliffs. Some ground-nesting species choose open areas where vegetative...

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Main Authors: Sharon S Dorsey, Daniel H Catlin, Shannon J Ritter, Christy N Wails, Samantha G Robinson, Katie W Oliver, Henrietta A Bellman, Sarah M Karpanty, James D Fraser
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319021
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author Sharon S Dorsey
Daniel H Catlin
Shannon J Ritter
Christy N Wails
Samantha G Robinson
Katie W Oliver
Henrietta A Bellman
Sarah M Karpanty
James D Fraser
author_facet Sharon S Dorsey
Daniel H Catlin
Shannon J Ritter
Christy N Wails
Samantha G Robinson
Katie W Oliver
Henrietta A Bellman
Sarah M Karpanty
James D Fraser
author_sort Sharon S Dorsey
collection DOAJ
description Birds and their nests are vulnerable to predation during the breeding season. Many birds have evolved nest placement strategies that minimize risk such as concealing nests in vegetation, or nesting in inaccessible cavities or on cliffs. Some ground-nesting species choose open areas where vegetative concealment or physical protection is minimal. These species may benefit from the ability to visually detect predators approaching the nest, affording them more time to perform evasive or distracting behaviors. We studied the nesting behavior of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on Fire Island, New York from 2015-2020 to determine if the area visible from the nest (i.e., 'viewshed') affected nest site selection. We calculated viewsheds at nests and random points and evaluated nest site selection using logistic regression modelling. Piping plovers selected nest sites with a greater view of predators than would be expected if nest site selection was random relative to viewshed. The inclusion of viewshed improved the predictive ability of a previous nest site selection model that was based on habitat characteristics present on the landscape in 2015, but its influence weakened as ecological succession progressed. Topographic variation was the predominant visual obstruction source at plover nest sites compared to vegetation height. Viewshed may play a role in nest site selection in other ground-nesting birds, and thus is an important factor to consider in the development of habitat management strategies and in understanding the evolution of behavior.
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spelling doaj-art-b2d39074bc2e41db91c91fcc99f83f8e2025-08-20T02:15:24ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01202e031902110.1371/journal.pone.0319021The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.Sharon S DorseyDaniel H CatlinShannon J RitterChristy N WailsSamantha G RobinsonKatie W OliverHenrietta A BellmanSarah M KarpantyJames D FraserBirds and their nests are vulnerable to predation during the breeding season. Many birds have evolved nest placement strategies that minimize risk such as concealing nests in vegetation, or nesting in inaccessible cavities or on cliffs. Some ground-nesting species choose open areas where vegetative concealment or physical protection is minimal. These species may benefit from the ability to visually detect predators approaching the nest, affording them more time to perform evasive or distracting behaviors. We studied the nesting behavior of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on Fire Island, New York from 2015-2020 to determine if the area visible from the nest (i.e., 'viewshed') affected nest site selection. We calculated viewsheds at nests and random points and evaluated nest site selection using logistic regression modelling. Piping plovers selected nest sites with a greater view of predators than would be expected if nest site selection was random relative to viewshed. The inclusion of viewshed improved the predictive ability of a previous nest site selection model that was based on habitat characteristics present on the landscape in 2015, but its influence weakened as ecological succession progressed. Topographic variation was the predominant visual obstruction source at plover nest sites compared to vegetation height. Viewshed may play a role in nest site selection in other ground-nesting birds, and thus is an important factor to consider in the development of habitat management strategies and in understanding the evolution of behavior.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319021
spellingShingle Sharon S Dorsey
Daniel H Catlin
Shannon J Ritter
Christy N Wails
Samantha G Robinson
Katie W Oliver
Henrietta A Bellman
Sarah M Karpanty
James D Fraser
The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
PLoS ONE
title The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
title_full The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
title_fullStr The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
title_full_unstemmed The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
title_short The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird.
title_sort importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground nesting shorebird
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319021
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