Treatment outcomes and considerations for topical immunotherapy in patients with alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis

Treatment outcomes and considerations for topical immunotherapy in patients with alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder causing non-scarring hair loss. Severe forms like alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU) pose therapeutic difficult situations. Topical immunotherapy with squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) and diphenylcyclopropenone (D...

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Main Authors: Taiyo Hitaka, Sanehito Haruyama, Shun Ohmori, Natsuko Saito-Sasaki, Etsuko Okada, Motonobu Nakamura, Yu Sawada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
Subjects:
alopecia totalis
alopecia universalis
topical immunotherapy
SADBE
DPCP
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1573929/full
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