IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows
Pregnancy failure in the first trimester of cows significantly impacts the efficiency of the dairy industry. As a type I interferon exclusively to ruminants, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mro...
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| author | Xinyu Feng Cheng Yang Ting Wang Jinxin Zhang Han Zhou Bin Ma Ming Xu Ganzhen Deng |
| author_facet | Xinyu Feng Cheng Yang Ting Wang Jinxin Zhang Han Zhou Bin Ma Ming Xu Ganzhen Deng |
| author_sort | Xinyu Feng |
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| description | Pregnancy failure in the first trimester of cows significantly impacts the efficiency of the dairy industry. As a type I interferon exclusively to ruminants, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> plays a key role in maternal recognition and immune tolerance of fetuses. Macrophages are the most common immune cells within the ruminant endometrium. Nevertheless, deeply analyzing the mechanisms of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> regulating macrophage polarization still needs further study. In this study, a notable decline of bta-miR-30b-5p expression via the increase of SOCS1 was observed in uterine tissues of pregnant cows. We then confirmed that the 3′UTR of SOCS1 was to be directly targeted by bta-miR-30b-5p. After that, we demonstrated that this obviously promoted the bovine macrophages (BoMac) polarized to M2 through enhancing SOCS1 expression with the treatment of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we found that SOCS1 restrained the expression of the key proteins p65 and p-P65 in the NF-κB pathway. Causing, the wide range of cross-species activities of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, therefore we established a pregnant mouse model for the future confirmation of the above mechanism. The results verified that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> significantly improved this mechanism and maintained normal pregnancy status in mice, but miR-30b-5p significantly reduced the M2 polarization by inhibiting SOCS1, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and then leading to the failure of embryo implantation. All these results indicated that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can regulate immune tolerance during pregnancy by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through inhibiting bta-miR-30b-5p targeting SOCS1 to deactivate the NF-κB signaling pathway. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b246fe024b824106a7cd9215b07cfcb4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b246fe024b824106a7cd9215b07cfcb42025-01-24T13:26:37ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-01-011428710.3390/cells14020087IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy CowsXinyu Feng0Cheng Yang1Ting Wang2Jinxin Zhang3Han Zhou4Bin Ma5Ming Xu6Ganzhen Deng7Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, ChinaPregnancy failure in the first trimester of cows significantly impacts the efficiency of the dairy industry. As a type I interferon exclusively to ruminants, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> plays a key role in maternal recognition and immune tolerance of fetuses. Macrophages are the most common immune cells within the ruminant endometrium. Nevertheless, deeply analyzing the mechanisms of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> regulating macrophage polarization still needs further study. In this study, a notable decline of bta-miR-30b-5p expression via the increase of SOCS1 was observed in uterine tissues of pregnant cows. We then confirmed that the 3′UTR of SOCS1 was to be directly targeted by bta-miR-30b-5p. After that, we demonstrated that this obviously promoted the bovine macrophages (BoMac) polarized to M2 through enhancing SOCS1 expression with the treatment of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we found that SOCS1 restrained the expression of the key proteins p65 and p-P65 in the NF-κB pathway. Causing, the wide range of cross-species activities of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, therefore we established a pregnant mouse model for the future confirmation of the above mechanism. The results verified that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> significantly improved this mechanism and maintained normal pregnancy status in mice, but miR-30b-5p significantly reduced the M2 polarization by inhibiting SOCS1, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and then leading to the failure of embryo implantation. All these results indicated that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can regulate immune tolerance during pregnancy by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through inhibiting bta-miR-30b-5p targeting SOCS1 to deactivate the NF-κB signaling pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/87IFN-<named-content content-type="inline-formula"> <mml:math id="mm8"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>τ</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math></named-content>SOCS1pregnancyM2 macrophagebta-miR-30b-5p |
| spellingShingle | Xinyu Feng Cheng Yang Ting Wang Jinxin Zhang Han Zhou Bin Ma Ming Xu Ganzhen Deng IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows Cells IFN-<named-content content-type="inline-formula"> <mml:math id="mm8"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>τ</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math></named-content> SOCS1 pregnancy M2 macrophage bta-miR-30b-5p |
| title | IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows |
| title_full | IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows |
| title_short | IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | ifn inline formula math display inline semantics mrow mo τ mo mrow semantics math inline formula maintains immune tolerance by promoting m2 macrophage polarization via modulation of bta mir 30b 5p in early uterine pregnancy in dairy cows |
| topic | IFN-<named-content content-type="inline-formula"> <mml:math id="mm8"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>τ</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:semantics> </mml:math></named-content> SOCS1 pregnancy M2 macrophage bta-miR-30b-5p |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/87 |
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