Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)?
This study aimed to first investigate changes in electromyography (EMG) patterns after multilevel surgical treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and then to assess the connection between the measure of EMG and motor control indices and surgery outcomes. We analyzed retrospective EMG and gai...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Mehrdad Davoudi Firooz Salami Robert Reisig Dimitrios A. Patikas Nicholas A. Beckmann Katharina S. Gather Sebastian I. Wolf |
| author_facet | Mehrdad Davoudi Firooz Salami Robert Reisig Dimitrios A. Patikas Nicholas A. Beckmann Katharina S. Gather Sebastian I. Wolf |
| author_sort | Mehrdad Davoudi |
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| description | This study aimed to first investigate changes in electromyography (EMG) patterns after multilevel surgical treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and then to assess the connection between the measure of EMG and motor control indices and surgery outcomes. We analyzed retrospective EMG and gait data from 167 patients with CP before and after surgery and from 117 typically developed individuals as a reference group. The patients underwent at least one soft tissue surgery on their shank and foot muscles. Using Repeated Measures ANOVA, we examined the norm-distance (ND) of the kinematics, kinetics, and EMG patterns, in addition to the Kerpape-Rennes EMG-based Gait Index (EDI), EMG Profile Score (EPS), and Walking Dynamic Motor Control Index (DMC) before and after surgery. Participants were divided into different response groups (poor, mild, and good gait quality) according to their pre- and post-treatment Gait Deviation Index (GDI), using the K-means-PSO clustering algorithm. The gait and EMG indices were compared between the responders using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The ND for all kinematics and kinetics parameters significantly improved (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05) after the surgery. Regarding EMG, a significant reduction was only observed in the ND of the rectus femoris (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001) and soleus (<i>p</i>-value = 0.006). Among the indices, DMC was not altered post-operatively (<i>p</i>-value = 0.88). Although EDI and EPS were consistent across responders with a similar pre-treatment gait, a higher DMC was significantly associated with a greater improvement, particularly in patients with poor gait (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). These findings indicate systematic changes in the EMG of patients with CP following surgery, which can also be demonstrated through indices. DMC is a measure that can potentially serve as a partial predictor of outcomes, particularly in patients with poor pre-operative gait. Future research should investigate the effects of different surgical strategies on the improvement of these patients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b18910cea6d2471397d2ece7612a81a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-b18910cea6d2471397d2ece7612a81a12025-01-24T13:20:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115276610.3390/app15020766Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)?Mehrdad Davoudi0Firooz Salami1Robert Reisig2Dimitrios A. Patikas3Nicholas A. Beckmann4Katharina S. Gather5Sebastian I. Wolf6Clinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyClinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyClinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyLaboratory of Neuromechanics, School of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceClinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyClinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyClinic for Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, GermanyThis study aimed to first investigate changes in electromyography (EMG) patterns after multilevel surgical treatment in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) and then to assess the connection between the measure of EMG and motor control indices and surgery outcomes. We analyzed retrospective EMG and gait data from 167 patients with CP before and after surgery and from 117 typically developed individuals as a reference group. The patients underwent at least one soft tissue surgery on their shank and foot muscles. Using Repeated Measures ANOVA, we examined the norm-distance (ND) of the kinematics, kinetics, and EMG patterns, in addition to the Kerpape-Rennes EMG-based Gait Index (EDI), EMG Profile Score (EPS), and Walking Dynamic Motor Control Index (DMC) before and after surgery. Participants were divided into different response groups (poor, mild, and good gait quality) according to their pre- and post-treatment Gait Deviation Index (GDI), using the K-means-PSO clustering algorithm. The gait and EMG indices were compared between the responders using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. The ND for all kinematics and kinetics parameters significantly improved (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05) after the surgery. Regarding EMG, a significant reduction was only observed in the ND of the rectus femoris (<i>p</i>-value < 0.001) and soleus (<i>p</i>-value = 0.006). Among the indices, DMC was not altered post-operatively (<i>p</i>-value = 0.88). Although EDI and EPS were consistent across responders with a similar pre-treatment gait, a higher DMC was significantly associated with a greater improvement, particularly in patients with poor gait (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). These findings indicate systematic changes in the EMG of patients with CP following surgery, which can also be demonstrated through indices. DMC is a measure that can potentially serve as a partial predictor of outcomes, particularly in patients with poor pre-operative gait. Future research should investigate the effects of different surgical strategies on the improvement of these patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/766cerebral palsyorthopedic surgeryEMGmotor controlclustering |
| spellingShingle | Mehrdad Davoudi Firooz Salami Robert Reisig Dimitrios A. Patikas Nicholas A. Beckmann Katharina S. Gather Sebastian I. Wolf Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? Applied Sciences cerebral palsy orthopedic surgery EMG motor control clustering |
| title | Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? |
| title_full | Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? |
| title_fullStr | Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? |
| title_short | Are Electromyography Data a Fingerprint for Patients with Cerebral Palsy (CP)? |
| title_sort | are electromyography data a fingerprint for patients with cerebral palsy cp |
| topic | cerebral palsy orthopedic surgery EMG motor control clustering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/766 |
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