The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley

As the traditional staple food for Tibetan people in northwest China, Tsamba is the main processing product of highland barley and roasting is the key processing step to determine the flavor of Tsamba. In this study, non-targeted metabonomics were employed to analyze the changes of non-volatile and...

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Main Authors: Fang Wang, Yin-hua Ma, Hui-yang Xiong, Rui-jun Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Food Chemistry: X
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003712
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author Fang Wang
Yin-hua Ma
Hui-yang Xiong
Rui-jun Duan
author_facet Fang Wang
Yin-hua Ma
Hui-yang Xiong
Rui-jun Duan
author_sort Fang Wang
collection DOAJ
description As the traditional staple food for Tibetan people in northwest China, Tsamba is the main processing product of highland barley and roasting is the key processing step to determine the flavor of Tsamba. In this study, non-targeted metabonomics were employed to analyze the changes of non-volatile and volatile metabolites, as well as active substances, before and after roasting. The active substances in tsamba were significantly increased after roasting. The primary metabolome identified 625 non-volatile components, with lipids having the highest content and amino acids and their derivatives showing the greatest changes before and after roasting. A total of 243 volatile flavor compounds were detected, with heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids, and esters being the main substances that increased after roasting, providing the sweet, green and fruity flavor for Tsamba. Afterwards, 113 main volatile flavor substances were screened from volatile metabolomics data, and 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2 (5H) -furanone, 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2, 3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazin were the key volatile flavor substances. This study will help to reveal the unique flavor source of highland barley Tsamba and promote the standardisation of Tsamba food, which will help to improve the quality of Tsamba production.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2590-1575
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Food Chemistry: X
spelling doaj-art-b155368822c3473bb52026e3648bd2aa2025-08-20T03:52:48ZengElsevierFood Chemistry: X2590-15752025-05-012810252410.1016/j.fochx.2025.102524The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barleyFang Wang0Yin-hua Ma1Hui-yang Xiong2Rui-jun Duan3College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, ChinaCollege of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, ChinaCollege of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China; Corresponding author at: College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China.As the traditional staple food for Tibetan people in northwest China, Tsamba is the main processing product of highland barley and roasting is the key processing step to determine the flavor of Tsamba. In this study, non-targeted metabonomics were employed to analyze the changes of non-volatile and volatile metabolites, as well as active substances, before and after roasting. The active substances in tsamba were significantly increased after roasting. The primary metabolome identified 625 non-volatile components, with lipids having the highest content and amino acids and their derivatives showing the greatest changes before and after roasting. A total of 243 volatile flavor compounds were detected, with heterocyclic compounds, terpenoids, and esters being the main substances that increased after roasting, providing the sweet, green and fruity flavor for Tsamba. Afterwards, 113 main volatile flavor substances were screened from volatile metabolomics data, and 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2 (5H) -furanone, 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine, 2, 3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazin were the key volatile flavor substances. This study will help to reveal the unique flavor source of highland barley Tsamba and promote the standardisation of Tsamba food, which will help to improve the quality of Tsamba production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003712Highland barleyTsambaMetabolomeNon-volatile metabolitesVolatile metabolitesFlavor
spellingShingle Fang Wang
Yin-hua Ma
Hui-yang Xiong
Rui-jun Duan
The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
Food Chemistry: X
Highland barley
Tsamba
Metabolome
Non-volatile metabolites
Volatile metabolites
Flavor
title The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
title_full The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
title_fullStr The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
title_full_unstemmed The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
title_short The nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non-target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of Tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
title_sort nonvolatile and volatile substances changes based on non target metabonomics reveals the formation mechanism of tsamba flavor before and after roasting of highland barley
topic Highland barley
Tsamba
Metabolome
Non-volatile metabolites
Volatile metabolites
Flavor
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590157525003712
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