Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Measures such as social distancing, hand washing, and masking were recommended by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. Following vaccination, a false sense of security may lead to decrea...

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Main Authors: K. Josephine Priya, N. B. Swetha, Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian, A. K. Samina Ruquaya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-02-01
Series:Discover Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00436-6
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author K. Josephine Priya
N. B. Swetha
Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian
A. K. Samina Ruquaya
author_facet K. Josephine Priya
N. B. Swetha
Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian
A. K. Samina Ruquaya
author_sort K. Josephine Priya
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Measures such as social distancing, hand washing, and masking were recommended by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. Following vaccination, a false sense of security may lead to decreased adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Data on predictors of COVID-19 Appropriate Behaviour (CAB) are not sufficiently available for the Indian population. Hence, we aimed to assess the adherence levels of vaccine recipients to CAB and identify predictors and barriers to adherence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 vaccine recipients at a tertiary care hospital in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu between January to June 2022. Using systematic random sampling, 455 study participants older than 18 years, who had received the COVID-19 vaccine were recruited to the study. Sociodemographic data, knowledge of COVID-19 adherence, and barriers to CAB were evaluated using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted based on frequency, means, and percentage. Analytical analysis was conducted based on bivariate logistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression models considering the odds ratio. 95% for confidence intervals and 5% for significance were respected. Results Mean age of the study population was found to be 35.17 ± 16.49 years. More than three-quarters of participants were found to be good at following COVID-19-Appropriate Behaviors. Participants aged over 40 years were more likely to experience satisfactory adherence levels [AOR = 2.20, (1.36–3.56)] compared to young participants. Those with education above the school level (> 12th standard) were almost twice more likely to experience adequate adherence levels [AOR = 1.93, (1.15–3.23)] than those with less education. Interestingly, those who had previously been infected with COVID-19 showed higher odds of satisfactory adherence [AOR = 2.13, (1.18–3.83)]. Conclusion This study showed that individuals over 40 years of age, those with higher education, and those with history of previous COVID-19 infection showed better compliance. Using social media as a targeted intervention focusing on younger populations, coupled with simplified health communication strategies for those with lower educational levels, are recommended. Innovative approaches such as user-friendly mask designs and creative protective solutions can further enhance preventive behaviour adherence in the community.
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spelling doaj-art-b0511da5a87d45b68b55baf6ee629f8c2025-08-20T02:13:06ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-02-0122111010.1186/s12982-025-00436-6Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional studyK. Josephine Priya0N. B. Swetha1Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian2A. K. Samina Ruquaya3Department of Community Medicine, Thanjavur Medical CollegeDepartment of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and HospitalDepartment of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science CentreDepartment of General Surgery, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research CentreAbstract Background Measures such as social distancing, hand washing, and masking were recommended by the World Health Organization and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19 infections. Following vaccination, a false sense of security may lead to decreased adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Data on predictors of COVID-19 Appropriate Behaviour (CAB) are not sufficiently available for the Indian population. Hence, we aimed to assess the adherence levels of vaccine recipients to CAB and identify predictors and barriers to adherence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among COVID-19 vaccine recipients at a tertiary care hospital in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu between January to June 2022. Using systematic random sampling, 455 study participants older than 18 years, who had received the COVID-19 vaccine were recruited to the study. Sociodemographic data, knowledge of COVID-19 adherence, and barriers to CAB were evaluated using a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted based on frequency, means, and percentage. Analytical analysis was conducted based on bivariate logistical analysis and multivariate logistic regression models considering the odds ratio. 95% for confidence intervals and 5% for significance were respected. Results Mean age of the study population was found to be 35.17 ± 16.49 years. More than three-quarters of participants were found to be good at following COVID-19-Appropriate Behaviors. Participants aged over 40 years were more likely to experience satisfactory adherence levels [AOR = 2.20, (1.36–3.56)] compared to young participants. Those with education above the school level (> 12th standard) were almost twice more likely to experience adequate adherence levels [AOR = 1.93, (1.15–3.23)] than those with less education. Interestingly, those who had previously been infected with COVID-19 showed higher odds of satisfactory adherence [AOR = 2.13, (1.18–3.83)]. Conclusion This study showed that individuals over 40 years of age, those with higher education, and those with history of previous COVID-19 infection showed better compliance. Using social media as a targeted intervention focusing on younger populations, coupled with simplified health communication strategies for those with lower educational levels, are recommended. Innovative approaches such as user-friendly mask designs and creative protective solutions can further enhance preventive behaviour adherence in the community.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00436-6COVID-19COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior (CAB)Vaccine recipientsAdherencePredictorsPost-vaccine complacency
spellingShingle K. Josephine Priya
N. B. Swetha
Barath Prashanth Sivasubramanian
A. K. Samina Ruquaya
Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
Discover Public Health
COVID-19
COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior (CAB)
Vaccine recipients
Adherence
Predictors
Post-vaccine complacency
title Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
title_full Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
title_short Predictors of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Tiruchirapalli city, South India: a cross-sectional study
title_sort predictors of adherence to covid 19 preventive measures among covid 19 vaccine recipients in tiruchirapalli city south india a cross sectional study
topic COVID-19
COVID-19 Appropriate Behavior (CAB)
Vaccine recipients
Adherence
Predictors
Post-vaccine complacency
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00436-6
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