The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator?
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restric...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8197937 |
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| author | Daniel S. Smyk Athanasios Mavropoulos Giorgina Mieli-Vergani Diego Vergani Marco Lenzi Dimitrios P. Bogdanos |
| author_facet | Daniel S. Smyk Athanasios Mavropoulos Giorgina Mieli-Vergani Diego Vergani Marco Lenzi Dimitrios P. Bogdanos |
| author_sort | Daniel S. Smyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. Invariant NKT cells have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Animal models of SLE have shown abnormalities in iNKT cells numbers and function, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NKT cells and IgG levels has also been observed. The role of iNKT cells in autoimmune liver disease (AiLD) has not been extensively studied. This review discusses the current data with regard to iNKT cells function in AiLD, in addition to providing an overview of iNKT cells function in other autoimmune conditions and animal models. We also discuss data regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on iNKT cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target, given that deficiencies in vitamin D have been reported in various autoimmune disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b025accf512c4f14bfcc8a088e097ab4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2291-2789 2291-2797 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b025accf512c4f14bfcc8a088e097ab42025-02-03T01:27:17ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2291-27892291-27972018-01-01201810.1155/2018/81979378197937The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator?Daniel S. Smyk0Athanasios Mavropoulos1Giorgina Mieli-Vergani2Diego Vergani3Marco Lenzi4Dimitrios P. Bogdanos5Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UKDepartment of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, GreeceInstitute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UKInstitute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UKDepartment of Clinical Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyInstitute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UKNatural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lineage of T cells which express both the T cell receptor (TCR) and natural killer (NK) cell markers. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells bear an invariant TCR and recognize a small variety of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d (nonclassical MHC-I). CD1d-restricted iNKT cells are regulators of immune responses and produce cytokines that may be proinflammatory (such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)) or anti-inflammatory (such as IL-4). iNKT cells also appear to play a role in B cell regulation and antibody production. Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a derivative of the marine sponge, is a potent stimulator of iNKT cells and has been proposed as a therapeutic iNKT cell activator. Invariant NKT cells have been implicated in the development and perpetuation of several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Animal models of SLE have shown abnormalities in iNKT cells numbers and function, and an inverse correlation between the frequency of NKT cells and IgG levels has also been observed. The role of iNKT cells in autoimmune liver disease (AiLD) has not been extensively studied. This review discusses the current data with regard to iNKT cells function in AiLD, in addition to providing an overview of iNKT cells function in other autoimmune conditions and animal models. We also discuss data regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D on iNKT cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target, given that deficiencies in vitamin D have been reported in various autoimmune disorders.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8197937 |
| spellingShingle | Daniel S. Smyk Athanasios Mavropoulos Giorgina Mieli-Vergani Diego Vergani Marco Lenzi Dimitrios P. Bogdanos The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| title | The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? |
| title_full | The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? |
| title_short | The Role of Invariant NKT in Autoimmune Liver Disease: Can Vitamin D Act as an Immunomodulator? |
| title_sort | role of invariant nkt in autoimmune liver disease can vitamin d act as an immunomodulator |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8197937 |
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