Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease
Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to ch...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Acta Neuropathologica Communications |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-025-01936-x |
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| author | Ane Murueta-Goyena Sara Teijeira-Portas Elisa Blanco Martín Raquel Vázquez-Picón Blanca Ruiz Bajo Jone Bocos Jorge Sánchez-Molina Patricia Alves Dias Ioana Croitoru Iñaki Rodríguez Agirretxe Rocío Del Pino Marian Acera Beatriz Tijero Oihane Sáez-Atxukarro David Romero-Bascones Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban Javier Aritz Urcola Javier Ruiz Martínez Iñigo Gabilondo |
| author_facet | Ane Murueta-Goyena Sara Teijeira-Portas Elisa Blanco Martín Raquel Vázquez-Picón Blanca Ruiz Bajo Jone Bocos Jorge Sánchez-Molina Patricia Alves Dias Ioana Croitoru Iñaki Rodríguez Agirretxe Rocío Del Pino Marian Acera Beatriz Tijero Oihane Sáez-Atxukarro David Romero-Bascones Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban Javier Aritz Urcola Javier Ruiz Martínez Iñigo Gabilondo |
| author_sort | Ane Murueta-Goyena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to characterize early retinal dynamics in PD using OCT. We conducted a prospective one-year longitudinal multicenter study involving 53 early-stage PD patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less and 52 controls. The participants underwent retinal spectral-domain OCT, primary visual function and cognitive examinations. We examined baseline retinal measures and short-term longitudinal differences between groups via linear mixed effects models. In PD patients, the baseline GCIPL thickness in central regions was increased by up to 4 μm, and the rate of thinning in the parafoveal GCIPL was − 0.61 [0.29] µm/year faster over a one-year follow-up period than in controls in the 2- to 3-mm ring (p = 0.039). In PD patients, greater central GCIPL thickness was associated with poorer contrast sensitivity and reduced performance on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test. It also predicted subsequent thinning in both the GCIPL (2- to 3-mm ring) and the inner nuclear layer (2- to 5-mm rings). However, this increased thickness was not linked to prevalent or progressive motor or cognitive manifestations. In conclusion, this study provides the first detailed topographical description of early retinal dynamics in PD patients, revealing increased central GCIPL thickness and accelerated parafoveal GCIPL thinning in PD. However, the macular region shows complex and variable dynamics among PD patients, but these changes precede detectable progression in clinical scales. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aff18d5e7dd24fd5b78f5d52c256da9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2051-5960 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Neuropathologica Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-aff18d5e7dd24fd5b78f5d52c256da9c2025-02-02T12:47:05ZengBMCActa Neuropathologica Communications2051-59602025-01-0113111010.1186/s40478-025-01936-xDynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s diseaseAne Murueta-Goyena0Sara Teijeira-Portas1Elisa Blanco Martín2Raquel Vázquez-Picón3Blanca Ruiz Bajo4Jone Bocos5Jorge Sánchez-Molina6Patricia Alves Dias7Ioana Croitoru8Iñaki Rodríguez Agirretxe9Rocío Del Pino10Marian Acera11Beatriz Tijero12Oihane Sáez-Atxukarro13David Romero-Bascones14Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban15Javier Aritz Urcola16Javier Ruiz Martínez17Iñigo Gabilondo18Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research InstituteHospital de Urduliz Alfredo Espinosa - OSI UribeServicio Neurología, Hospital Universitario Galdakao-UsansoloServicio Neurología, Hospital Universitario ArabaServicio Neurología, Hospital Universitario ArabaServicio Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario DonostiaBiogipuzkoa Health Research InstituteBiogipuzkoa Health Research InstituteServicio Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario DonostiaNeurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research InstituteNeurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research InstituteNeurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research InstituteFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Pública de NavarraBiomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering (MU-ENG), Mondragon UnibertsitateaDepartment of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)Servicio Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario ArabaBiogipuzkoa Health Research InstituteNeurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biobizkaia Health Research InstituteAbstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms, with emerging evidence suggesting retinal pathology, particularly in the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), detectable via optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study aimed to characterize early retinal dynamics in PD using OCT. We conducted a prospective one-year longitudinal multicenter study involving 53 early-stage PD patients with a disease duration of 5 years or less and 52 controls. The participants underwent retinal spectral-domain OCT, primary visual function and cognitive examinations. We examined baseline retinal measures and short-term longitudinal differences between groups via linear mixed effects models. In PD patients, the baseline GCIPL thickness in central regions was increased by up to 4 μm, and the rate of thinning in the parafoveal GCIPL was − 0.61 [0.29] µm/year faster over a one-year follow-up period than in controls in the 2- to 3-mm ring (p = 0.039). In PD patients, greater central GCIPL thickness was associated with poorer contrast sensitivity and reduced performance on the Farnsworth D15 color vision test. It also predicted subsequent thinning in both the GCIPL (2- to 3-mm ring) and the inner nuclear layer (2- to 5-mm rings). However, this increased thickness was not linked to prevalent or progressive motor or cognitive manifestations. In conclusion, this study provides the first detailed topographical description of early retinal dynamics in PD patients, revealing increased central GCIPL thickness and accelerated parafoveal GCIPL thinning in PD. However, the macular region shows complex and variable dynamics among PD patients, but these changes precede detectable progression in clinical scales.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-025-01936-xParkinson’s diseaseRetinaOptical coherence tomographyGanglion cell-inner plexiform layerFovea |
| spellingShingle | Ane Murueta-Goyena Sara Teijeira-Portas Elisa Blanco Martín Raquel Vázquez-Picón Blanca Ruiz Bajo Jone Bocos Jorge Sánchez-Molina Patricia Alves Dias Ioana Croitoru Iñaki Rodríguez Agirretxe Rocío Del Pino Marian Acera Beatriz Tijero Oihane Sáez-Atxukarro David Romero-Bascones Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban Javier Aritz Urcola Javier Ruiz Martínez Iñigo Gabilondo Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease Acta Neuropathologica Communications Parkinson’s disease Retina Optical coherence tomography Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer Fovea |
| title | Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full | Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease |
| title_short | Dynamics of retinal changes in early-stage Parkinson’s disease |
| title_sort | dynamics of retinal changes in early stage parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease Retina Optical coherence tomography Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer Fovea |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-025-01936-x |
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