Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.
Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Biology |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001444&type=printable |
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| author | Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen |
| author_facet | Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen |
| author_sort | Maria E Francia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and can produce two to thousands of progeny cells. How genomes and daughters are counted and coordinated is unknown. Apicomplexa evolved from single celled flagellated algae, but with the exception of the gametes, lack flagella. Here we demonstrate that a structure that in the algal ancestor served as the rootlet of the flagellar basal bodies is required for parasite cell division. Parasite striated fiber assemblins (SFA) polymerize into a dynamic fiber that emerges from the centrosomes immediately after their duplication. The fiber grows in a polarized fashion and daughter cells form at its distal tip. As the daughter cell is further elaborated it remains physically tethered at its apical end, the conoid and polar ring. Genetic experiments in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrate two essential components of the fiber, TgSFA2 and 3. In the absence of either of these proteins cytokinesis is blocked at its earliest point, the initiation of the daughter microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Mitosis remains unimpeded and mutant cells accumulate numerous nuclei but fail to form daughter cells. The SFA fiber provides a robust spatial and temporal organizer of parasite cell division, a process that appears hard-wired to the centrosome by multiple tethers. Our findings have broader evolutionary implications. We propose that Apicomplexa abandoned flagella for most stages yet retained the organizing principle of the flagellar MTOC. Instead of ensuring appropriate numbers of flagella, the system now positions the apical invasion complexes. This suggests that elements of the invasion apparatus may be derived from flagella or flagellum associated structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-afd1d8a1dbc84f7dbc4aaa2bb4f9659d2025-08-20T03:11:55ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852012-01-011012e100144410.1371/journal.pbio.1001444Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella.Maria E FranciaCarly N JordanJay D PatelLilach SheinerJessica L DemerlyJustin D FellowsJessica Cruz de LeonNaomi S MorrissetteJean-François DubremetzBoris StriepenApicomplexa are intracellular parasites that cause important human diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. During host cell infection new parasites are formed through a budding process that parcels out nuclei and organelles into multiple daughters. Budding is remarkably flexible in output and can produce two to thousands of progeny cells. How genomes and daughters are counted and coordinated is unknown. Apicomplexa evolved from single celled flagellated algae, but with the exception of the gametes, lack flagella. Here we demonstrate that a structure that in the algal ancestor served as the rootlet of the flagellar basal bodies is required for parasite cell division. Parasite striated fiber assemblins (SFA) polymerize into a dynamic fiber that emerges from the centrosomes immediately after their duplication. The fiber grows in a polarized fashion and daughter cells form at its distal tip. As the daughter cell is further elaborated it remains physically tethered at its apical end, the conoid and polar ring. Genetic experiments in Toxoplasma gondii demonstrate two essential components of the fiber, TgSFA2 and 3. In the absence of either of these proteins cytokinesis is blocked at its earliest point, the initiation of the daughter microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Mitosis remains unimpeded and mutant cells accumulate numerous nuclei but fail to form daughter cells. The SFA fiber provides a robust spatial and temporal organizer of parasite cell division, a process that appears hard-wired to the centrosome by multiple tethers. Our findings have broader evolutionary implications. We propose that Apicomplexa abandoned flagella for most stages yet retained the organizing principle of the flagellar MTOC. Instead of ensuring appropriate numbers of flagella, the system now positions the apical invasion complexes. This suggests that elements of the invasion apparatus may be derived from flagella or flagellum associated structures.https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001444&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Maria E Francia Carly N Jordan Jay D Patel Lilach Sheiner Jessica L Demerly Justin D Fellows Jessica Cruz de Leon Naomi S Morrissette Jean-François Dubremetz Boris Striepen Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. PLoS Biology |
| title | Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. |
| title_full | Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. |
| title_fullStr | Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. |
| title_short | Cell division in Apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella. |
| title_sort | cell division in apicomplexan parasites is organized by a homolog of the striated rootlet fiber of algal flagella |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1001444&type=printable |
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