Potato spindle tuber viroid
Viroids belong to a very interesting class of molecules attracting researchers in phytopathology and molecular evolution. Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants. PST...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3009 |
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| author | A. V. Kochetov A. Y. Pronozin N. V. Shatskaya D. A. Afonnikov O. S. Afanasenko |
| author_facet | A. V. Kochetov A. Y. Pronozin N. V. Shatskaya D. A. Afonnikov O. S. Afanasenko |
| author_sort | A. V. Kochetov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viroids belong to a very interesting class of molecules attracting researchers in phytopathology and molecular evolution. Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants. PSTVd can be transmitted vertically through microspores and macrospores, but not with pollen from another infected plant. The 359 nucleotidelong genomic RNA of PSTVd is highly structured and its 3D-conformation is responsible for interaction with host cellular factors to mediate replication, transport between tissues during systemic infection and the severity of pathological symptoms. RNA replication is prone to errors and infected plants contain a population of mutated forms of the PSTVd genome. Interestingly, at 7 DAI, only 25 % of the newly synthesized RNAs were identical to the master copy, but this proportion increased to up to 70 % at 14 DAI and remained the same afterwards. PSTVd infection induces the immune response in host plants. There are PSTVd strains with a severe, a moderate or a mild pathological effect. Interestingly, viroid replication itself does not necessarily induce strong morphological or physiological symptoms. In the case of PSTVd, disease symptoms may occur due to RNA-interference, which decreases the expression levels of some important cellular regulatory factors, such as, for example, potato StTCP23 from the gibberellic acid pathway with a role in tuber morphogenesis or tomato FRIGIDA-like protein 3 with an early flowering phenotype. This association between the small segments of viroid genomic RNAs complementary to the untranslated regions of cellular mRNAs and disease symptoms provides a way for new resistant cultivars to be developed by genetic editing. To conclude, viroids provide a unique model to reveal the fundamental features of living systems, which appeared early in evolution and still remain undiscovered. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afc19218bfb346a28ce56b142fc14a60 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj-art-afc19218bfb346a28ce56b142fc14a602025-02-01T09:58:10ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592021-06-0125326927510.18699/VJ21.0301156Potato spindle tuber viroidA. V. Kochetov0A. Y. Pronozin1N. V. Shatskaya2D. A. Afonnikov3O. S. Afanasenko4Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State UniversityInstitute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; All-Russian Institute of Plant ProtectionViroids belong to a very interesting class of molecules attracting researchers in phytopathology and molecular evolution. Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants. PSTVd can be transmitted vertically through microspores and macrospores, but not with pollen from another infected plant. The 359 nucleotidelong genomic RNA of PSTVd is highly structured and its 3D-conformation is responsible for interaction with host cellular factors to mediate replication, transport between tissues during systemic infection and the severity of pathological symptoms. RNA replication is prone to errors and infected plants contain a population of mutated forms of the PSTVd genome. Interestingly, at 7 DAI, only 25 % of the newly synthesized RNAs were identical to the master copy, but this proportion increased to up to 70 % at 14 DAI and remained the same afterwards. PSTVd infection induces the immune response in host plants. There are PSTVd strains with a severe, a moderate or a mild pathological effect. Interestingly, viroid replication itself does not necessarily induce strong morphological or physiological symptoms. In the case of PSTVd, disease symptoms may occur due to RNA-interference, which decreases the expression levels of some important cellular regulatory factors, such as, for example, potato StTCP23 from the gibberellic acid pathway with a role in tuber morphogenesis or tomato FRIGIDA-like protein 3 with an early flowering phenotype. This association between the small segments of viroid genomic RNAs complementary to the untranslated regions of cellular mRNAs and disease symptoms provides a way for new resistant cultivars to be developed by genetic editing. To conclude, viroids provide a unique model to reveal the fundamental features of living systems, which appeared early in evolution and still remain undiscovered.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3009viroidsplantspathogenesis |
| spellingShingle | A. V. Kochetov A. Y. Pronozin N. V. Shatskaya D. A. Afonnikov O. S. Afanasenko Potato spindle tuber viroid Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции viroids plants pathogenesis |
| title | Potato spindle tuber viroid |
| title_full | Potato spindle tuber viroid |
| title_fullStr | Potato spindle tuber viroid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potato spindle tuber viroid |
| title_short | Potato spindle tuber viroid |
| title_sort | potato spindle tuber viroid |
| topic | viroids plants pathogenesis |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3009 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avkochetov potatospindletuberviroid AT aypronozin potatospindletuberviroid AT nvshatskaya potatospindletuberviroid AT daafonnikov potatospindletuberviroid AT osafanasenko potatospindletuberviroid |