Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India
Background: Manipur, a north-eastern state of India, has a high incidence of intravenous drug use with an equally high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of certain risk factors enhancing the susceptibility of acquirin...
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SAGE Publishing
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361251351302 |
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| author | Raina Das Supradip Dutta Sagnik Bakshi Aritra Biswas Shreyasi Nath Moumita Majumdar Priya Verma Upasana Baskey Shanta Dutta Provash Chandra Sadhukhan |
| author_facet | Raina Das Supradip Dutta Sagnik Bakshi Aritra Biswas Shreyasi Nath Moumita Majumdar Priya Verma Upasana Baskey Shanta Dutta Provash Chandra Sadhukhan |
| author_sort | Raina Das |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Manipur, a north-eastern state of India, has a high incidence of intravenous drug use with an equally high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of certain risk factors enhancing the susceptibility of acquiring HCV. Design: A total of 1008 participants from various risk groups, from nine districts across the state, were enrolled. Blood samples along with demographic data were collected from the study participants. Methods: HCV RNA was isolated and nested RT-PCR was performed followed by Sanger sequencing for genotyping. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies were further conducted. Results: Of the total, 493 (48.90%) samples were HCV sero-reactive. Among the sero-reactive samples, 406 (82.35%) were HCV RNA positive. In case of the subgroup PWID + HIV, sero-reactivity (82.22%) and viremia (90.54%) were observed to be exceptionally high. It was noted that HCV sero-reactivity increased four times in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who continued to inject drugs. Three HCV genotypes and eight subtypes were circulating in this study population. Conclusion: In PLHIV who continued to inject drugs, HCV sero-reactivity increased four-fold. About 40% of the population living with HCV belonged to genotype 6, while genotype 1 showed a noticeable decline. Phylogeographic analyses and spatiotemporal reconstructions revealed that most of the subtypes migrated from far south-east Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Singapore. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-afb80a8fa0d14bfcbddced214ec433fb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2049-937X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-afb80a8fa0d14bfcbddced214ec433fb2025-08-20T03:17:14ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease2049-937X2025-07-011210.1177/20499361251351302Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of IndiaRaina DasSupradip DuttaSagnik BakshiAritra BiswasShreyasi NathMoumita MajumdarPriya VermaUpasana BaskeyShanta DuttaProvash Chandra SadhukhanBackground: Manipur, a north-eastern state of India, has a high incidence of intravenous drug use with an equally high prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of certain risk factors enhancing the susceptibility of acquiring HCV. Design: A total of 1008 participants from various risk groups, from nine districts across the state, were enrolled. Blood samples along with demographic data were collected from the study participants. Methods: HCV RNA was isolated and nested RT-PCR was performed followed by Sanger sequencing for genotyping. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies were further conducted. Results: Of the total, 493 (48.90%) samples were HCV sero-reactive. Among the sero-reactive samples, 406 (82.35%) were HCV RNA positive. In case of the subgroup PWID + HIV, sero-reactivity (82.22%) and viremia (90.54%) were observed to be exceptionally high. It was noted that HCV sero-reactivity increased four times in people living with HIV (PLHIV) who continued to inject drugs. Three HCV genotypes and eight subtypes were circulating in this study population. Conclusion: In PLHIV who continued to inject drugs, HCV sero-reactivity increased four-fold. About 40% of the population living with HCV belonged to genotype 6, while genotype 1 showed a noticeable decline. Phylogeographic analyses and spatiotemporal reconstructions revealed that most of the subtypes migrated from far south-east Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Singapore.https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361251351302 |
| spellingShingle | Raina Das Supradip Dutta Sagnik Bakshi Aritra Biswas Shreyasi Nath Moumita Majumdar Priya Verma Upasana Baskey Shanta Dutta Provash Chandra Sadhukhan Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease |
| title | Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India |
| title_full | Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India |
| title_short | Emergence of HCV genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in Manipur, a north-eastern state of India |
| title_sort | emergence of hcv genotype 6 and its new variants among intravenous drug users in manipur a north eastern state of india |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/20499361251351302 |
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