Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal
In this study, the removal of benzotriazole (BTA), a pervasive aquatic contaminant widely used for its anti-corrosion, UV-stabilizing, and antioxidant properties, by nanomagnetite, biochar, and nanomagnetite–biochar composite is investigated. Nanomagnetite and nanomagnetite–biochar composite were sy...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/115 |
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| author | Carolina Guida Nathaniel Findling Valérie Magnin Fabienne Favre Boivin Laurent Charlet |
| author_facet | Carolina Guida Nathaniel Findling Valérie Magnin Fabienne Favre Boivin Laurent Charlet |
| author_sort | Carolina Guida |
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| description | In this study, the removal of benzotriazole (BTA), a pervasive aquatic contaminant widely used for its anti-corrosion, UV-stabilizing, and antioxidant properties, by nanomagnetite, biochar, and nanomagnetite–biochar composite is investigated. Nanomagnetite and nanomagnetite–biochar composite were synthesized under anoxic conditions and tested for BTA removal efficiency at neutral pH under both oxic and anoxic conditions at different time scales. Within the short time scale (up to 8 h), the removal of BTA by nanomagnetite–biochar composite was shown to be due to BTA deprotonation by the nanomagnetite surface. Through proton liberation, Fe²⁺ is released in accordance with the reaction Fe₃O₄ + 2H⁺ → Fe₂O₃ + Fe²⁺ + H₂O, which likely influences BTA complexation and its possible redox degradation. On the longer time scale, biochar achieved higher removal efficiency: 50% BTA removed within 48 h, due to formation of a ternary complex with surface Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions, or 75% BTA removed after HCl biochar acid wash followed by Ca<sup>2+</sup> surface saturation. As BTA presents significant environmental risks due to its extensive industrial applications, the present study offers critical insights into the mechanisms of BTA removal by nanomagnetite–biochar composite, and highlights the potential of such materials for water treatment applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af0284f294854ecb87c99df02d124116 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-af0284f294854ecb87c99df02d1241162025-01-24T13:44:11ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-0115211510.3390/nano15020115Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA RemovalCarolina Guida0Nathaniel Findling1Valérie Magnin2Fabienne Favre Boivin3Laurent Charlet4ISTerre, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University Gustave Eiffel, 38058 Grenoble, FranceISTerre, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University Gustave Eiffel, 38058 Grenoble, FranceISTerre, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University Gustave Eiffel, 38058 Grenoble, FranceInstitute des Technologies de l’Environnement Construit, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1700 Fribourg, SwitzerlandISTerre, University Grenoble Alpes, University Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University Gustave Eiffel, 38058 Grenoble, FranceIn this study, the removal of benzotriazole (BTA), a pervasive aquatic contaminant widely used for its anti-corrosion, UV-stabilizing, and antioxidant properties, by nanomagnetite, biochar, and nanomagnetite–biochar composite is investigated. Nanomagnetite and nanomagnetite–biochar composite were synthesized under anoxic conditions and tested for BTA removal efficiency at neutral pH under both oxic and anoxic conditions at different time scales. Within the short time scale (up to 8 h), the removal of BTA by nanomagnetite–biochar composite was shown to be due to BTA deprotonation by the nanomagnetite surface. Through proton liberation, Fe²⁺ is released in accordance with the reaction Fe₃O₄ + 2H⁺ → Fe₂O₃ + Fe²⁺ + H₂O, which likely influences BTA complexation and its possible redox degradation. On the longer time scale, biochar achieved higher removal efficiency: 50% BTA removed within 48 h, due to formation of a ternary complex with surface Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions, or 75% BTA removed after HCl biochar acid wash followed by Ca<sup>2+</sup> surface saturation. As BTA presents significant environmental risks due to its extensive industrial applications, the present study offers critical insights into the mechanisms of BTA removal by nanomagnetite–biochar composite, and highlights the potential of such materials for water treatment applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/115biocharnanomagnetitebenzotriazoleadsorptioncomposite |
| spellingShingle | Carolina Guida Nathaniel Findling Valérie Magnin Fabienne Favre Boivin Laurent Charlet Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal Nanomaterials biochar nanomagnetite benzotriazole adsorption composite |
| title | Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal |
| title_full | Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal |
| title_short | Evaluation of Nanomagnetite–Biochar Composite for BTA Removal |
| title_sort | evaluation of nanomagnetite biochar composite for bta removal |
| topic | biochar nanomagnetite benzotriazole adsorption composite |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/115 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carolinaguida evaluationofnanomagnetitebiocharcompositeforbtaremoval AT nathanielfindling evaluationofnanomagnetitebiocharcompositeforbtaremoval AT valeriemagnin evaluationofnanomagnetitebiocharcompositeforbtaremoval AT fabiennefavreboivin evaluationofnanomagnetitebiocharcompositeforbtaremoval AT laurentcharlet evaluationofnanomagnetitebiocharcompositeforbtaremoval |