Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2
Marine fouling plays a crucial role in the degradation of underwater archaeological sites. Limitation of fouling activity and its damages are one of the most critical issues for archaeologists and conservators. The common cleaning procedure, consisting in the manual removal of fouling, requires a co...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Photoenergy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251647 |
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| author | Silvestro A. Ruffolo Andrea Macchia Mauro F. La Russa Lorenzo Mazza Clara Urzì Filomena De Leo Marianna Barberio Gino M. Crisci |
| author_facet | Silvestro A. Ruffolo Andrea Macchia Mauro F. La Russa Lorenzo Mazza Clara Urzì Filomena De Leo Marianna Barberio Gino M. Crisci |
| author_sort | Silvestro A. Ruffolo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine fouling plays a crucial role in the degradation of underwater archaeological sites. Limitation of fouling activity and its damages are one of the most critical issues for archaeologists and conservators. The common cleaning procedure, consisting in the manual removal of fouling, requires a continuous maintenance, while a proper inhibition of biological colonisation would provide a long-time protection against biofouling. On the other hand, the most used antifouling paints, especially for ship hulls, show considerable toxicity level. Since submerged archaeological sites are often included in environmental protected areas, more eco-friendly products must be used. We have explored the possibility to use titanium dioxide and Ag-doped titanium dioxide as antifouling agents. For this purpose, they have been synthetized by sol-gel method, and then XRD, XPS, and reflectance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out to gain structural information. The powders have been dispersed in a polymer and then applied to marble surface to evaluate the chromatic alteration induced by the treatments. By means of biological tests, it was possible to assess their behaviour as biofouling agents. Results show a decreasing of biofouling activity on treated stony surfaces. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aed60f7c983a4d5e83ac005c9c5890e1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1110-662X 1687-529X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Photoenergy |
| spelling | doaj-art-aed60f7c983a4d5e83ac005c9c5890e12025-02-03T07:24:16ZengWileyInternational Journal of Photoenergy1110-662X1687-529X2013-01-01201310.1155/2013/251647251647Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2Silvestro A. Ruffolo0Andrea Macchia1Mauro F. La Russa2Lorenzo Mazza3Clara Urzì4Filomena De Leo5Marianna Barberio6Gino M. Crisci7Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalySyremont S.p.A., Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyUniversità della Calabria, Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyUniversità di Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, ItalyUniversità di Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, ItalyUniversità di Messina, Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, ItalyUniversità della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyUniversità della Calabria, Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra (DiBEST), Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyMarine fouling plays a crucial role in the degradation of underwater archaeological sites. Limitation of fouling activity and its damages are one of the most critical issues for archaeologists and conservators. The common cleaning procedure, consisting in the manual removal of fouling, requires a continuous maintenance, while a proper inhibition of biological colonisation would provide a long-time protection against biofouling. On the other hand, the most used antifouling paints, especially for ship hulls, show considerable toxicity level. Since submerged archaeological sites are often included in environmental protected areas, more eco-friendly products must be used. We have explored the possibility to use titanium dioxide and Ag-doped titanium dioxide as antifouling agents. For this purpose, they have been synthetized by sol-gel method, and then XRD, XPS, and reflectance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out to gain structural information. The powders have been dispersed in a polymer and then applied to marble surface to evaluate the chromatic alteration induced by the treatments. By means of biological tests, it was possible to assess their behaviour as biofouling agents. Results show a decreasing of biofouling activity on treated stony surfaces.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251647 |
| spellingShingle | Silvestro A. Ruffolo Andrea Macchia Mauro F. La Russa Lorenzo Mazza Clara Urzì Filomena De Leo Marianna Barberio Gino M. Crisci Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 International Journal of Photoenergy |
| title | Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 |
| title_full | Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 |
| title_fullStr | Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 |
| title_short | Marine Antifouling for Underwater Archaeological Sites: TiO2 and Ag-Doped TiO2 |
| title_sort | marine antifouling for underwater archaeological sites tio2 and ag doped tio2 |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/251647 |
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