A computational framework for detecting inter-tissue gene-expression coordination changes with aging

Abstract Aging is a complex and systematic biological process that involves multiple genes and biological pathways across different tissues. While existing studies focus on tissue-specific aging factors, the inter-tissue interplay between molecular pathways during aging remains insufficiently explor...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shaked Briller, Gil Ben David, Yam Amir, Gil Atzmon, Judith Somekh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94043-9
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Summary:Abstract Aging is a complex and systematic biological process that involves multiple genes and biological pathways across different tissues. While existing studies focus on tissue-specific aging factors, the inter-tissue interplay between molecular pathways during aging remains insufficiently explored. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel computational framework to identify the effect of aging on the coordinated patterns of gene-expression across multiple tissues. Our framework includes (1) an adjusted multi-tissue weighted gene co-expression network analysis, (2) differential network connectivity analysis between age groups and (3) machine learning models, XGBoost and Random Forest (RF) fed by gene expression levels and lower-dimensional pathway score space, to identify unique key inter-tissue genes and biological pathways for classifying aging. We applied our approach to three representative tissues: Adipose-Subcutaneous, Muscle-Skeletal and Brain-Cortex. The RF model demonstrated the best performance in predicting age group (AUC < 88%) highlighting key genes involved in inter-tissue coordination processes in aging. We also identified the inter-tissue involvement of lipid metabolism, immune system, and cell communication pathways during aging and detected distinct aging pathways manifested between tissues. The proposed framework highlights the importance of inter-tissue coordination processes underlying aging and provides valuable insights into aging mechanisms which can further assist in the development of therapeutic strategies promoting healthy aging.
ISSN:2045-2322