Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian

Amphibians exhibit diverse responses to environmental challenges, but their responses to infection risk remain poorly understood. This study investigates how the presence of ranavirus, a deadly viral pathogen, affects growth, development, and resource allocation in wood frog (Rana sylvatica [Lithoba...

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Main Authors: Logan S. Billet, David K. Skelly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/famrs.2025.1529060/full
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author Logan S. Billet
David K. Skelly
David K. Skelly
author_facet Logan S. Billet
David K. Skelly
David K. Skelly
author_sort Logan S. Billet
collection DOAJ
description Amphibians exhibit diverse responses to environmental challenges, but their responses to infection risk remain poorly understood. This study investigates how the presence of ranavirus, a deadly viral pathogen, affects growth, development, and resource allocation in wood frog (Rana sylvatica [Lithobates sylvaticus]) tadpoles. Using three years of pond survey data from a wood frog metapopulation in northeastern Connecticut, USA, we compared tadpole physiological rates across three scenarios: ranavirus-free ponds, ponds with sustained ranavirus infection, and ponds experiencing ranavirus die-offs. In ranavirus-positive ponds, tadpoles exhibited increased growth and resource allocation early in their development. These differences waned following die-off events in some ponds but persisted where widescale infection did not lead to die-off. This study provides evidence that an important disease agent appears to induce growth and developmental responses in its host that may help tadpoles survive severe infection by providing a buffer against the associated energetic demands. Alternative hypotheses, such as size-biased mortality, should be evaluated in experiments aimed at evaluating underlying mechanisms.
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spelling doaj-art-ae6d9bbabf3c4e41b466e700ebfb01d32025-08-20T03:40:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science2813-67802025-03-01310.3389/famrs.2025.15290601529060Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibianLogan S. Billet0David K. Skelly1David K. Skelly2School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesSchool of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesPeabody Museum, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United StatesAmphibians exhibit diverse responses to environmental challenges, but their responses to infection risk remain poorly understood. This study investigates how the presence of ranavirus, a deadly viral pathogen, affects growth, development, and resource allocation in wood frog (Rana sylvatica [Lithobates sylvaticus]) tadpoles. Using three years of pond survey data from a wood frog metapopulation in northeastern Connecticut, USA, we compared tadpole physiological rates across three scenarios: ranavirus-free ponds, ponds with sustained ranavirus infection, and ponds experiencing ranavirus die-offs. In ranavirus-positive ponds, tadpoles exhibited increased growth and resource allocation early in their development. These differences waned following die-off events in some ponds but persisted where widescale infection did not lead to die-off. This study provides evidence that an important disease agent appears to induce growth and developmental responses in its host that may help tadpoles survive severe infection by providing a buffer against the associated energetic demands. Alternative hypotheses, such as size-biased mortality, should be evaluated in experiments aimed at evaluating underlying mechanisms.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/famrs.2025.1529060/fullIridoviridaeinfectious diseasedisease ecologyhost-pathogen interactionslarval amphibianstradeoffs
spellingShingle Logan S. Billet
David K. Skelly
David K. Skelly
Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
Frontiers in Amphibian and Reptile Science
Iridoviridae
infectious disease
disease ecology
host-pathogen interactions
larval amphibians
tradeoffs
title Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
title_full Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
title_fullStr Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
title_full_unstemmed Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
title_short Sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent: pathogen-mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread North American amphibian
title_sort sublethal effects of a mass mortality agent pathogen mediated plasticity of growth and development in a widespread north american amphibian
topic Iridoviridae
infectious disease
disease ecology
host-pathogen interactions
larval amphibians
tradeoffs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/famrs.2025.1529060/full
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