Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein
The absence of efficient on-farm interventions against white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) infections can cause significant economic losses to shrimp farmers. With this exploratory study we aimed to test, both in vitro and in vivo, the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) against WSSV infections in...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/89 |
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| author | Ioan Pet Igori Balta Nicolae Corcionivoschi Tiberiu Iancu Ducu Stef Lavinia Stef Iuliana Cretescu |
| author_facet | Ioan Pet Igori Balta Nicolae Corcionivoschi Tiberiu Iancu Ducu Stef Lavinia Stef Iuliana Cretescu |
| author_sort | Ioan Pet |
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| description | The absence of efficient on-farm interventions against white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) infections can cause significant economic losses to shrimp farmers. With this exploratory study we aimed to test, both in vitro and in vivo, the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) against WSSV infections in shrimp. In vitro, using shrimp gut primary cells (SGP), 2% Aq significantly reduced WSSV infection and the amounts of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> released but had no impact on CAT and SOD expression. In vivo, in a shrimp challenge test, 2% Aq significantly downregulated the expression of proteins involved in WSSV virulence, such as the lipopolysaccharide-β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and the TLR signalling pathway (LvECSIT), and increased the expression of HO-1 oxygenase. Additionally, at 2% Aq, the expression of the digestive-related enzyme carboxypeptidase B was upregulated in the gut, alongside a significant decrease in IL-22 expression, a cytokine usually increased during WSSV infection in shrimp. A low mortality rate (7.33%) was recorded in infected shrimp treated with 2% Aq compared to the 96.66% mortality in the absence of Aq. The peritrophic membrane (PM) was proven essential to ensure Aq efficacy, as the infected and treated PM deficient shrimp (PM−) had a mortality rate of 27.8%, compared to only 9.34% mortality in the infected shrimp at 2% Aq and in the presence of PM (PM+). Aq significantly increased the expression of mucin-1, mucin-2, mucin-5AC, mucin-5B, and mucin-19 in both PM+ and PM− shrimp. Conclusively, organic acid in mixtures can protect farmed shrimp against WSSV infection and increase their survivability through a mediated gut health effect which includes resistance to oxidative stress and improved immunity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-adf5f2c5e81f4b099d47226d95e7558f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-adf5f2c5e81f4b099d47226d95e7558f2025-01-24T13:19:27ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011418910.3390/antiox14010089Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding ProteinIoan Pet0Igori Balta1Nicolae Corcionivoschi2Tiberiu Iancu3Ducu Stef4Lavinia Stef5Iuliana Cretescu6Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaFaculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaBacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT4 3SD, Northern Ireland, UKFaculty of Management and Rural Development, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaFaculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaFaculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, University of Life Sciences King Mihai I from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, RomaniaDepartment of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, RomaniaThe absence of efficient on-farm interventions against white spot syndrome viral (WSSV) infections can cause significant economic losses to shrimp farmers. With this exploratory study we aimed to test, both in vitro and in vivo, the efficacy of an organic acid mixture (Aq) against WSSV infections in shrimp. In vitro, using shrimp gut primary cells (SGP), 2% Aq significantly reduced WSSV infection and the amounts of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> released but had no impact on CAT and SOD expression. In vivo, in a shrimp challenge test, 2% Aq significantly downregulated the expression of proteins involved in WSSV virulence, such as the lipopolysaccharide-β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) and the TLR signalling pathway (LvECSIT), and increased the expression of HO-1 oxygenase. Additionally, at 2% Aq, the expression of the digestive-related enzyme carboxypeptidase B was upregulated in the gut, alongside a significant decrease in IL-22 expression, a cytokine usually increased during WSSV infection in shrimp. A low mortality rate (7.33%) was recorded in infected shrimp treated with 2% Aq compared to the 96.66% mortality in the absence of Aq. The peritrophic membrane (PM) was proven essential to ensure Aq efficacy, as the infected and treated PM deficient shrimp (PM−) had a mortality rate of 27.8%, compared to only 9.34% mortality in the infected shrimp at 2% Aq and in the presence of PM (PM+). Aq significantly increased the expression of mucin-1, mucin-2, mucin-5AC, mucin-5B, and mucin-19 in both PM+ and PM− shrimp. Conclusively, organic acid in mixtures can protect farmed shrimp against WSSV infection and increase their survivability through a mediated gut health effect which includes resistance to oxidative stress and improved immunity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/89white spot syndromeshrimpnatural antimicrobialsorganic acidsAuraAqua |
| spellingShingle | Ioan Pet Igori Balta Nicolae Corcionivoschi Tiberiu Iancu Ducu Stef Lavinia Stef Iuliana Cretescu Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein Antioxidants white spot syndrome shrimp natural antimicrobials organic acids AuraAqua |
| title | Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein |
| title_full | Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein |
| title_fullStr | Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein |
| title_short | Shrimp White Spot Viral Infections Are Attenuated by Organic Acids by Regulating the Expression of HO-1 Oxygenase and β-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein |
| title_sort | shrimp white spot viral infections are attenuated by organic acids by regulating the expression of ho 1 oxygenase and β 1 3 glucan binding protein |
| topic | white spot syndrome shrimp natural antimicrobials organic acids AuraAqua |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/89 |
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