Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity

Suppression of anticancer immune function is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Identifying molecular pathways that inhibit anticancer immunity is critical for developing novel immunotherapeutics. One such molecule that has recently been identified is the carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia), whose ex...

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Main Authors: Olivia Drummond-Guy, John Daly, Angeline Wu, Natalie Stewart, Katy Milne, Chloe Duff, Brad H. Nelson, Karla C. Williams, Simon Wisnovsky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1520948/full
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author Olivia Drummond-Guy
John Daly
Angeline Wu
Natalie Stewart
Katy Milne
Chloe Duff
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Karla C. Williams
Simon Wisnovsky
author_facet Olivia Drummond-Guy
John Daly
Angeline Wu
Natalie Stewart
Katy Milne
Chloe Duff
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Karla C. Williams
Simon Wisnovsky
author_sort Olivia Drummond-Guy
collection DOAJ
description Suppression of anticancer immune function is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Identifying molecular pathways that inhibit anticancer immunity is critical for developing novel immunotherapeutics. One such molecule that has recently been identified is the carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia), whose expression is dramatically upregulated on both cancer cells and immune cells in breast cancer patient tissues. The role of polySia in the anticancer immune response, however, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we profile polySia expression on both healthy primary immune cells and on infiltrating immune cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). These studies reveal polySia expression on multiple immune cell subsets in patient breast tumors. We find that stimulation of primary T-cells and macrophages in vitro induces a significant upregulation of polySia expression. We subsequently show that polySia is appended to a range of different carrier proteins within these immune cells. Finally, we find that selective removal of polySia can significantly potentiate killing of breast cancer cells by innate immune cells. These studies implicate polySia as a significant negative regulator of anticancer immunity.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2234-943X
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Oncology
spelling doaj-art-ad7e74dc0c1d4525bea88b1803c70d072025-08-20T01:49:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-03-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15209481520948Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activityOlivia Drummond-Guy0John Daly1Angeline Wu2Natalie Stewart3Katy Milne4Chloe Duff5Brad H. Nelson6Brad H. Nelson7Brad H. Nelson8Karla C. Williams9Simon Wisnovsky10Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDeeley Research Centre, British Columbia (BC) Cancer, Victoria, BC, CanadaDeeley Research Centre, British Columbia (BC) Cancer, Victoria, BC, CanadaDeeley Research Centre, British Columbia (BC) Cancer, Victoria, BC, CanadaDepartment of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, CanadaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaSuppression of anticancer immune function is a key driver of tumorigenesis. Identifying molecular pathways that inhibit anticancer immunity is critical for developing novel immunotherapeutics. One such molecule that has recently been identified is the carbohydrate polysialic acid (polySia), whose expression is dramatically upregulated on both cancer cells and immune cells in breast cancer patient tissues. The role of polySia in the anticancer immune response, however, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we profile polySia expression on both healthy primary immune cells and on infiltrating immune cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME). These studies reveal polySia expression on multiple immune cell subsets in patient breast tumors. We find that stimulation of primary T-cells and macrophages in vitro induces a significant upregulation of polySia expression. We subsequently show that polySia is appended to a range of different carrier proteins within these immune cells. Finally, we find that selective removal of polySia can significantly potentiate killing of breast cancer cells by innate immune cells. These studies implicate polySia as a significant negative regulator of anticancer immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1520948/fullimmune cellscarbohydratesglycansmacrophagesT-cellsNK cells
spellingShingle Olivia Drummond-Guy
John Daly
Angeline Wu
Natalie Stewart
Katy Milne
Chloe Duff
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Brad H. Nelson
Karla C. Williams
Simon Wisnovsky
Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
Frontiers in Oncology
immune cells
carbohydrates
glycans
macrophages
T-cells
NK cells
title Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
title_full Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
title_fullStr Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
title_full_unstemmed Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
title_short Polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
title_sort polysialic acid is upregulated on activated immune cells and negatively regulates anticancer immune activity
topic immune cells
carbohydrates
glycans
macrophages
T-cells
NK cells
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1520948/full
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