Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models
The potentially toxic element pollution of agricultural soils has become a significant environmental threat to food safety and human health. Accurately identifying sources of potentially toxic element pollution is key to developing effective pollution prevention and control measures. In this study,...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Xu Liu Zhongfang Yang Bo Li Zhiliang Wu Lei Wang Tao Yu Cheng Li Zexin He Minghui Xie Chenning Deng Huading Shi |
| author_facet | Xu Liu Zhongfang Yang Bo Li Zhiliang Wu Lei Wang Tao Yu Cheng Li Zexin He Minghui Xie Chenning Deng Huading Shi |
| author_sort | Xu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The potentially toxic element pollution of agricultural soils has become a significant environmental threat to food safety and human health. Accurately identifying sources of potentially toxic element pollution is key to developing effective pollution prevention and control measures. In this study, regional potentially toxic element pollution of the soils in the Nanliujiang River Basin was analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the geo-detector model. First, topsoil samples from the study area were collected to analyze eight potentially toxic elements in the soil, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The PMF model was used to conduct source apportionment of the potentially toxic element data and identify the primary pollution sources and their contribution rates. Then, the geo-detector model was used to analyze the key factors affecting the spatial distribution of the potentially toxic elements and the influence of natural and human factors on the distribution of the potentially toxic elements. There are four potentially toxic element pollution sources of the agricultural soil in the study area: geological background, agricultural activities, industrial discharge, and river irrigation. The geological background contributed the most. The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements included agricultural activities, industrial discharge, and river irrigation. This integrated method can analyze the formation of potentially toxic element pollution in depth from the perspectives of source apportionment and spatial differentiation and provide a scientific basis and decision support for preventing and controlling potentially toxic element pollution in agricultural soils. This study provides a new method and scientific basis for identifying and preventing potentially toxic element pollution sources in agricultural soil and can guide the formulation of targeted soil pollution control measures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad78a28a6f1d4e7a94577a6b62b0ede1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad78a28a6f1d4e7a94577a6b62b0ede12025-01-24T13:38:06ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2025-01-0114114610.3390/land14010146Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector ModelsXu Liu0Zhongfang Yang1Bo Li2Zhiliang Wu3Lei Wang4Tao Yu5Cheng Li6Zexin He7Minghui Xie8Chenning Deng9Huading Shi10State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaGuangxi Institute of Geological Survey, Nanning 530023, ChinaSchool of Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, ChinaInstitute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, ChinaTechnical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, ChinaTechnical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, ChinaThe potentially toxic element pollution of agricultural soils has become a significant environmental threat to food safety and human health. Accurately identifying sources of potentially toxic element pollution is key to developing effective pollution prevention and control measures. In this study, regional potentially toxic element pollution of the soils in the Nanliujiang River Basin was analyzed using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and the geo-detector model. First, topsoil samples from the study area were collected to analyze eight potentially toxic elements in the soil, including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The PMF model was used to conduct source apportionment of the potentially toxic element data and identify the primary pollution sources and their contribution rates. Then, the geo-detector model was used to analyze the key factors affecting the spatial distribution of the potentially toxic elements and the influence of natural and human factors on the distribution of the potentially toxic elements. There are four potentially toxic element pollution sources of the agricultural soil in the study area: geological background, agricultural activities, industrial discharge, and river irrigation. The geological background contributed the most. The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements included agricultural activities, industrial discharge, and river irrigation. This integrated method can analyze the formation of potentially toxic element pollution in depth from the perspectives of source apportionment and spatial differentiation and provide a scientific basis and decision support for preventing and controlling potentially toxic element pollution in agricultural soils. This study provides a new method and scientific basis for identifying and preventing potentially toxic element pollution sources in agricultural soil and can guide the formulation of targeted soil pollution control measures.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/146agricultural soilspotentially toxic element pollutionPMF modelgeo-detector modelsource apportionment |
| spellingShingle | Xu Liu Zhongfang Yang Bo Li Zhiliang Wu Lei Wang Tao Yu Cheng Li Zexin He Minghui Xie Chenning Deng Huading Shi Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models Land agricultural soils potentially toxic element pollution PMF model geo-detector model source apportionment |
| title | Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models |
| title_full | Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models |
| title_fullStr | Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models |
| title_short | Source Apportionment and Analysis of Potentially Toxic Element Sources in Agricultural Soils Based on the Positive Matrix Factorization and Geo-Detector Models |
| title_sort | source apportionment and analysis of potentially toxic element sources in agricultural soils based on the positive matrix factorization and geo detector models |
| topic | agricultural soils potentially toxic element pollution PMF model geo-detector model source apportionment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/14/1/146 |
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