A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak
This preliminary study focused on assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of residents due to heavy metal exposure in the indoor settled dust of 34 randomly selected households in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. The indoor dust samples of residential houses (n=34) were collected and analysed f...
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EDP Sciences
2025-01-01
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| Series: | E3S Web of Conferences |
| Online Access: | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01022.pdf |
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| author | Low Yi Chen Hang Zhong Yu Guo XinXin How Vivien Wai Soon Han Lim Fang Lee |
| author_facet | Low Yi Chen Hang Zhong Yu Guo XinXin How Vivien Wai Soon Han Lim Fang Lee |
| author_sort | Low Yi Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This preliminary study focused on assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of residents due to heavy metal exposure in the indoor settled dust of 34 randomly selected households in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. The indoor dust samples of residential houses (n=34) were collected and analysed for the concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn) using inductively coupled plasma mass optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Health risk due to heavy metals exposure were assessed by determining the Carcinogenic Risk (CR), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI). Results showed median concentrations of heavy metals in the indoor settled dust samples were in descending order of: Zn (6367.75 mg/kg) >Fe (2064.81 mg/kg) >Pb (59.22 mg/kg) >Cu (49.36 mg/kg) >Mn (41.97 mg/kg) >Cr (22.75 mg/kg). Carcinogenic risk (CR) of Pb and Cr of both adults and children were within the accepted limit (1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6). Whereas the HQ and HI of the heavy metals for both adults and children were below 1 which indicates there is no non-carcinogenic risk posed to the Kampar community. Nevertheless, this study provides crucial baseline data for researchers and government authorities in studying and developing indoor air quality relevant guidelines and regulations in Malaysia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad4897e8c85246f1949b001f87b17b32 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2267-1242 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
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| series | E3S Web of Conferences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad4897e8c85246f1949b001f87b17b322025-02-05T10:47:33ZengEDP SciencesE3S Web of Conferences2267-12422025-01-016030102210.1051/e3sconf/202560301022e3sconf_isgst2024_01022A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, PerakLow Yi Chen0Hang Zhong Yu1Guo XinXin2How Vivien3Wai Soon Han4Lim Fang Lee5Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanDepartment of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanThis preliminary study focused on assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk of residents due to heavy metal exposure in the indoor settled dust of 34 randomly selected households in Kampar, Perak, Malaysia. The indoor dust samples of residential houses (n=34) were collected and analysed for the concentration of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn) using inductively coupled plasma mass optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Health risk due to heavy metals exposure were assessed by determining the Carcinogenic Risk (CR), Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI). Results showed median concentrations of heavy metals in the indoor settled dust samples were in descending order of: Zn (6367.75 mg/kg) >Fe (2064.81 mg/kg) >Pb (59.22 mg/kg) >Cu (49.36 mg/kg) >Mn (41.97 mg/kg) >Cr (22.75 mg/kg). Carcinogenic risk (CR) of Pb and Cr of both adults and children were within the accepted limit (1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6). Whereas the HQ and HI of the heavy metals for both adults and children were below 1 which indicates there is no non-carcinogenic risk posed to the Kampar community. Nevertheless, this study provides crucial baseline data for researchers and government authorities in studying and developing indoor air quality relevant guidelines and regulations in Malaysia.https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01022.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Low Yi Chen Hang Zhong Yu Guo XinXin How Vivien Wai Soon Han Lim Fang Lee A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak E3S Web of Conferences |
| title | A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak |
| title_full | A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak |
| title_fullStr | A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak |
| title_full_unstemmed | A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak |
| title_short | A preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in Kampar, Perak |
| title_sort | preliminary study of health risk assessment and heavy metals exposure among residents in kampar perak |
| url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01022.pdf |
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