Avian influenza overview September–December 2024
Abstract Between 21 September and 6 December 2024, 657 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N5) virus detections were reported in domestic (341) and wild (316) birds across 27 countries in Europe. Many HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds were clustered in areas with high poultry den...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | EFSA Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832576065667596288 |
|---|---|
| author | European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza Leonidas Alexakis Hubert Buczkowski Mariette Ducatez Alice Fusaro Jose L. Gonzales Thijs Kuiken Karl Ståhl Christoph Staubach Olov Svartström Calogero Terregino Katriina Willgert Miguel Melo Lisa Kohnle |
| author_facet | European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza Leonidas Alexakis Hubert Buczkowski Mariette Ducatez Alice Fusaro Jose L. Gonzales Thijs Kuiken Karl Ståhl Christoph Staubach Olov Svartström Calogero Terregino Katriina Willgert Miguel Melo Lisa Kohnle |
| author_sort | European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Between 21 September and 6 December 2024, 657 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N5) virus detections were reported in domestic (341) and wild (316) birds across 27 countries in Europe. Many HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds were clustered in areas with high poultry density and characterised by secondary farm‐to‐farm spread. Waterfowl, particularly the mute swan, were primarily affected during this reporting period, with HPAI virus detections focused on south‐eastern Europe. Notably, A(H5N5) viruses expanded their geographic and host range, resulting in a surge in detections and mortality events described in gulls and crows. No new HPAI virus detections in mammals were reported in Europe during this reporting period, but the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected in the United States of America (USA) rose to >800 in 16 States, and HPAI virus was identified in two pigs in a mixed‐species farm. Between 21 September and 11 December 2024, 56 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from North America (45 A(H5N1) cases), Viet Nam (one A(H5)) and China (ten A(H9N2) cases). Most of the A(H5) human cases in North America (95.6%, n = 43/45) had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no evidence of human‐to‐human transmission has been documented in the reporting period. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low‐to‐moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ad12bb1d3bd34686b0f15b2b2c38e72b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-ad12bb1d3bd34686b0f15b2b2c38e72b2025-01-31T12:06:03ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322025-01-01231n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204Avian influenza overview September–December 2024European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Avian InfluenzaLeonidas AlexakisHubert BuczkowskiMariette DucatezAlice FusaroJose L. GonzalesThijs KuikenKarl StåhlChristoph StaubachOlov SvartströmCalogero TerreginoKatriina WillgertMiguel MeloLisa KohnleAbstract Between 21 September and 6 December 2024, 657 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) and A(H5N5) virus detections were reported in domestic (341) and wild (316) birds across 27 countries in Europe. Many HPAI outbreaks in domestic birds were clustered in areas with high poultry density and characterised by secondary farm‐to‐farm spread. Waterfowl, particularly the mute swan, were primarily affected during this reporting period, with HPAI virus detections focused on south‐eastern Europe. Notably, A(H5N5) viruses expanded their geographic and host range, resulting in a surge in detections and mortality events described in gulls and crows. No new HPAI virus detections in mammals were reported in Europe during this reporting period, but the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected in the United States of America (USA) rose to >800 in 16 States, and HPAI virus was identified in two pigs in a mixed‐species farm. Between 21 September and 11 December 2024, 56 new human cases with avian influenza virus infection were reported from North America (45 A(H5N1) cases), Viet Nam (one A(H5)) and China (ten A(H9N2) cases). Most of the A(H5) human cases in North America (95.6%, n = 43/45) had reported exposure to poultry, live poultry markets, or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Human infections with avian influenza viruses remain rare and no evidence of human‐to‐human transmission has been documented in the reporting period. The risk of infection with currently circulating avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low‐to‐moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204avian influenzacaptive birdsHPAIhumansmonitoringpoultry |
| spellingShingle | European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza Leonidas Alexakis Hubert Buczkowski Mariette Ducatez Alice Fusaro Jose L. Gonzales Thijs Kuiken Karl Ståhl Christoph Staubach Olov Svartström Calogero Terregino Katriina Willgert Miguel Melo Lisa Kohnle Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 EFSA Journal avian influenza captive birds HPAI humans monitoring poultry |
| title | Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 |
| title_full | Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 |
| title_fullStr | Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 |
| title_short | Avian influenza overview September–December 2024 |
| title_sort | avian influenza overview september december 2024 |
| topic | avian influenza captive birds HPAI humans monitoring poultry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9204 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT europeanfoodsafetyauthorityeuropeancentrefordiseasepreventionandcontrol avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT europeanunionreferencelaboratoryforavianinfluenza avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT leonidasalexakis avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT hubertbuczkowski avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT marietteducatez avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT alicefusaro avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT joselgonzales avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT thijskuiken avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT karlstahl avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT christophstaubach avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT olovsvartstrom avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT calogeroterregino avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT katriinawillgert avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT miguelmelo avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 AT lisakohnle avianinfluenzaoverviewseptemberdecember2024 |